77results about How to "Simple and cost-effective method" patented technology

An objective lens for an endoscope, an actuator for focusing the objective lens, and an endoscope system including the objective lens are provided. The objective lens for an endoscope includes a plurality of lenses and a stop, and an optical element disposed adjacent to the stop, wherein a focal length may be varied by moving the optical element in a direction different from an optical axis.

A showerhead for a plasma process apparatus for processing substrates, comprising a showerhead body comprising a top plate and a bottom plate defining a cavity in between; a gas inlet formed in the top plate; a perforated plate positioned between the top plate and the bottom plate and dissecting the cavity into an upper gas compartment and a lower gas compartment; and, wherein the bottom plate comprises a plurality of elongated diffusion slots on its lower surface and a plurality of diffusion holes on its upper surface, each of the diffusion holes making fluid connection from the lower gas compartment to more than one of the diffusion slots.

The invention relates to a method for the production of a multilayer electrostatic lens arrangement with at least one lens electrode in general, a method for the production of a phase plate in particular as well as the lens arrangement, the phase plate and a transmission electron microscope with the phase plate.The lens arrangement or the phase plate is produced from a thin self-supporting silicon nitride membrane which is fixed in a macroscopic chip with deposition of further layers. beam.The central bore as well as the aperture opening are milled out by means of an ion

A reflection-reducing interference layer system is disclosed, which has at least three alternating layers having different refractive indices. At least one nanostructured layer comprising an organic material or an organic-inorganic hybrid material is applied to the alternating layers. With the interference layer system, it is possible to obtain very low reflection over a wide wavelength and incident angle range.

The present invention relates to a method of making a methionine preparation, for example for an animal feed additive. The invention also related to methods for increasing the solubility of a methionine preparation.

Methods are provided for producing large volumes of small antenna arrays. In one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of creating an antenna array pattern as a computer file, printing the created pattern onto the surface of a suitable transfer paper, placing the printed image surface in contact with the surface of a material to be etched, and transferring the printed image to the surface of the material to be etched. The transfer can be effected by any combination of chemicals, heat, and / or pressure. After transfer of the printed image, the transfer paper is removed. The step of removing the transfer paper optionally includes wetting the transfer paper in a manner that dissolves the transfer paper leaving the printed antenna pattern on the surface of the material to be etched. The method further includes the step of etching the non-printed portions of the material, preferably by chemical etching, and removing the printed pattern from the surface of the material to yield an antenna array comprising a non-etched portion of the substrate surface. Arrays, and substrates having an etch-resistant mask for making the arrays, are also provided.

In a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal device including a layer having a fixed cholesteric order, the patterned layer is manufactured by providing a layer comprising polymerizable cholesterically ordered material and a compound convertible by means of radiation from a non-converted to converted state. The pitch of the cholesterically ordered material is influenced by the compound in its converted state to a different extent than in its converted state. The polymerizable layer is then irradiated pattern-wise thus creating regions of different pitch. The irradiated layer is then polymerized and / or cross-linked to fix the cholesteric order thus obtained.

A parking garage for motor vehicles that can be easily, quickly and cost-effectively erected, and makes efficient use of limited space, in particular a multistory garage, is proposed, comprising a ground floor level and at least one parking floor level located above the ground floor level, a support structure with a shaft, at least one conveyor for the essentially vertical transport of motor vehicles, the conveyor being situated in the shaft of the support structure, the at least one parking floor level comprising at least one parking place for at least one motor vehicle, the parking garage being designed for transferring a motor vehicle between the conveyor and a parking position on the at least one parking place, the transfer being powered by the motor vehicle itself, such that a first side of at least one of the parking floor levels is located on the support structure.

The invention is related to a permanent magnet rotor having a shaft, a hollow cylindrical permanent magnet and an elastic connecting medium between the shaft and the permanent magnet. The permanent magnet is arranged co-axially around the shaft. The task of the invention is to ensure that the permanent magnet is mounted securely, that it is not damaged during large temperature fluctuations, and that it is not deflected impermissibly from the axis of rotation in case of heavy radial load. A simple and cost-effective installation process is used in which a safe mechanical connection between the shaft and the permanent magnet is guaranteed through the entire life. According to the invention, this task is performed by virtue of the fact that an elastic connecting medium is arranged along the periphery of the shaft at several first areas in which the distance between the shaft and the permanent magnet is enlarged. These first areas are separated from the second areas in which the distance between the shaft and the permanent magnet is minimized but not zero.

A high-frequency filter arrangement comprising at least one filter consisting of a plurality of high-frequency inter-coupled cavities in which a locally fixed respective dielectric resonator element is disposed and in which a respective dielectric body can be modified, in order to tune the frequency of the filter, in the position thereof in relation to the dielectric resonator element. The structure of the inventive filter arrangement is simple, compact and economical and excellent filter and tuning properties are obtained by virtue of the fact that the dielectric body is arranged in an eccentric recess of the dielectric resonator element and that the dielectric body is rotatably arranged in the eccentric recess.

A component for the transmission of electromagnetic waves and a method for producing such a component is provided, whereby conductors of a coplanar waveguide system are embedded in a membrane such that they are at least partially suspended across a back-etched area of the substrate for the decoupling of the conductors from the substrate (1). An additional substrate is connected to the bottom side of the back-etched area of the substrate in such a way that a hollow cavity is formed.

An interior space of the at least one housing of a force-measuring device is filled with a gas composition that is distinguishable in at least one parameter from the ambient atmosphere. A sensor that is arranged in the interior space, or on the housing, measures this distinguishable parameter. A processing unit of the force-measuring device compares signals obtained from the sensor to monitor and determine the condition of the force-measuring device.

A component having a robust, but acoustically sensitive microphone structure is provided and a simple and cost-effective method for its production. This microphone structure includes an acoustically active diaphragm, which functions as deflectable electrode of a microphone capacitor, a stationary, acoustically permeable counter element, which functions as counter electrode of the microphone capacitor, and an arrangement for detecting and analyzing the capacitance changes of the microphone capacitor. The diaphragm is realized in a diaphragm layer above the semiconductor substrate of the component and covers a sound opening in the substrate rear. The counter element is developed in a further layer above the diaphragm. This further layer generally extends across the entire component surface and compensates level differences, so that the entire component surface is largely planar according to this additional layer. This allows a foil to be applied on the layer configuration of the microphone structures exposed in the wafer composite, which makes it possible to dice up the components in a standard sawing process.

A mask is used to make an article having two or more layers. The layers are formed from either a paint or polyurethane elastomer composition. The article is made in a mold including a surface defining a mold cavity and having a first and second effect region. For the method, a mask is placed into the mold cavity adjacent the first effect region. Pressure is applied to the mask to retain the mask adjacent the first effect region. A first composition is applied into the mold cavity to form a first layer adjacent the second effect region. The mask is removed from the first effect region. A second composition is applied into the mold cavity to form a second layer adjacent the first effect region. Benefits of pressure applied to a mask are also realized when making the article from a preformed part using the mask outside of a mold.

A reflection-reducing interference layer system is disclosed, which has at least three alternating layers having different refractive indices. At least one nanostructured layer comprising an organic material or an organic-inorganic hybrid material is applied to the alternating layers. With the interference layer system, it is possible to obtain very low reflection over a wide wavelength and incident angle range.

The invention relates to a method for regulating a hydrostatic drive system which has at least one pump which is driven by an internal combustion engine and at least one hydraulic motor which is driven by the pump, and comprises the method steps:determining the volume flow rate flowing through the hydraulic motor;determining a first adjustment nominal value for the hydraulic motor as a function of the previously determined volume flow rate rate;determining a second adjustment nominal value by modifying the first adjustment nominal value by a correction value which is determined as a function of the nominal / actual value deviation of the internal combustion engine rotational speed by means of a vehicle-specific characteristic curve which incorporates the different power profiles for traction and overrun operation, respectively, of the internal combustion engine, with the hydraulic motor being adjusted in such a way that a substantially constant pressure level is generated at the maximum power level of the internal combustion engine.

A permanent magnet rotor having a shaft, a hollow cylindrical permanent magnet and an elastic connecting medium between the shaft and the permanent magnet. The permanent magnet is arranged co-axially around the shaft to ensure that the permanent magnet is mounted securely, that it is not damaged during large temperature fluctuations, and that it is not deflected impermissibly from the axis of rotation in case of heavy radial load. A simple installation process uses a mechanical connection between the shaft and the permanent magnet. This task is performed by virtue of the fact that an elastic connecting medium is arranged along the periphery of the shaft at several first areas in which the distance between the shaft and the permanent magnet is enlarged. These first areas are separated from the second areas in which the distance between the shaft and the permanent magnet is minimized but not zero.

A process for preparation of ceftiofur of formula (I)having purity greater than 97% is disclosed. The process comprises reacting [2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)]-2-syn-methoxyimino acetic acid-2-benzothiazolyl thioester of formula (II),with 7-amino-3-(2-furanylcarbonylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid of formula (III)in the presence of a mixture of an water-immiscible inert organic solvent and water and in the presence of a organic base and isolating ceftiofur of formula (I) substantially free of impurities by,a) adding water to the reaction mixture and selectively partitioning the impurities in the organic phase and ceftiofur (I) in the form of a salt with the base in the aqueous phase,b) acidifying the aqueous phase containing ceftiofur (I) in the form of a salt with the base in the presence of a mixture containing a water-miscible and a water-immiscible organic solvent and in the presence of a saturated aqueous solution of an alkali or alkaline earth containing salt, to partition ceftiofur (I) in the organic phase, andc) isolating ceftiofur (I) of high purity and substantially free of impurities by evaporation of the organic solvent or precipitation by addition of a anti-solvent.

A component having a robust, but acoustically sensitive microphone structure is provided and a simple and cost-effective method for its production. This microphone structure includes an acoustically active diaphragm, which functions as deflectable electrode of a microphone capacitor, a stationary, acoustically permeable counter element, which functions as counter electrode of the microphone capacitor, and an arrangement for detecting and analyzing the capacitance changes of the microphone capacitor. The diaphragm is realized in a diaphragm layer above the semiconductor substrate of the component and covers a sound opening in the substrate rear. The counter element is developed in a further layer above the diaphragm. This further layer generally extends across the entire component surface and compensates level differences, so that the entire component surface is largely planar according to this additional layer. This allows a foil to be applied on the layer configuration of the microphone structures exposed in the wafer composite, which makes it possible to dice up the components in a standard sawing process.

The design of a synchronous digital circuit (1) can be modified. The circuit comprises a number of clocked storage devices (2, 3, 4, 5,) and a number of combinational logic elements defining combinational paths (6, 7, 8, 9,) between at least some of said clocked storage devices. Each combinational path from an output of one clocked storage device to an input of another has a minimum delay value (Dmin) and a maximum delay value (Dmax). The actual delay of the path assumes a value between the minimum and maximum delay values. The method comprises the steps of identifying the path (6; 7; 8; 9) having the greatest difference between the maximum delay value (Dmax) and the minimum delay value (DMIN), and reducing said difference by increasing the minimum delay value for the path having the greatest difference. With the method a higher clock frequency for the circuit can be achieved.

A device and a method for producing such a device is provided, whereby the windings of a spiral inductance are embedded in a membrane such that they are freely suspended over a completely back-etched area of the substrate for a decoupling of the windings from the substrate. An additional substrate is connected to the bottom side of the back-etched area of the processed substrate such that a hollow cavity is formed for a decoupling of the windings from the substrate.

An insulating tube for an electrode lead for medical use, particularly a cardiac pacemaker electrode lead, defibrillator electrode lead, electrode lead for nerve stimulation or the like, including a base material made of at least one material of the group consisting of silicones, polyurethanes, polyimide, PTFE, ETFE, and copolymers made of silicones and polyurethanes. In order to improve the functionality of such an insulating tube during friction of the tube with friction partners, at least in one volume region, which preferably forms the lateral surface of the insulating tube, the tube, in addition to the base material, includes a fibrous and / or particulate filler material having a higher abrasion resistance than the respective base material. A corresponding electrode lead is also provided, and a simple and cost-effective method for producing such an insulating tube and such an electrode lead.

The design of a synchronous digital circuit (1) can be modified. The circuit comprises a number of clocked storage devices (2, 3, 4, 5,) and a number of combinational logic elements defining combinational paths (6, 7, 8, 9,) between at least some of said clocked storage devices. Each combinational path from an output of one clocked storage device to an input of another has a minimum delay value (Dmin) and a maximum delay value (Dmax). The actual delay of the path assumes a value between the minimum and maximum delay values. The method comprises the steps of identifying the path (6; 7; 8; 9) having the greatest difference between the maximum delay value (Dmax) and the minimum delay value (DMIN), and reducing said difference by increasing the minimum delay value for the path having the greatest difference. With the method a higher clock frequency for the circuit can be achieved.

Cushions for disc brake pads are disposed between the brake pads and their caliper pistons or caliper fingers. The cushions possess such characteristics of resilience that, during braking action, brake pads follow irregularities and ride over high spots on rotor faces. This action significantly reduces uneven frictional drag, which lowers braking temperature increasing braking efficiency and brake system longevity. Each cushion comprises a resilient body which is further comprised of either a material, such as an elastomeric pad, or a structure such as a compressible spring or other apparatus.