The invention discloses a rolling shear type straw briquetting machine which comprises a power device, a transmission device, a feeding device and a straw briquetting device, wherein the power device is connected with the transmission device, the transmission device is connected with a frame, the frame is provided with the straw briquetting device, and the feeding device is connected with the straw briquetting device. The rolling shear type straw briquetting machine is characterized in that the straw briquetting device comprises a cutter main body, round blades, hobbing cutters and a hobbing cutter rest, wherein the inside of the cutter main body is provided with cutter teeth, a tapered feed inlet is formed between two adjacent cutter teeth, the two sides of the cutter main body are respectively provided with a round blade, the inside of each round blade is provided with cutter teeth, the hobbing cutter rest is connected with the frame, at least two hobbing cutters are arranged on the hobbing cutter rest, the blade of each hobbing cutter is arranged in an annular cutter groove formed between the round blades and the cutter main body, and the hobbing cutters are driven by the hobbing cutter rest so as to rotate along the annular cutter groove. By using the rolling shear type straw briquetting machine disclosed by the invention, the production efficiency is greatly improved, the machine is not easy to crash, and the straws are not easy to carbonize, therefore, the machine complies with the orientation of national environmental protection policies.