The invention discloses a marine geological sediment sampling structure which comprises a sampling head, a sampling pipe, an extension seat, an extension pipe and a bearing seat. An annular seat is movably connected to one side of the bearing seat, a bearing plate is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the annular seat, and a balancing weight is movably connected to the upper surface of thebearing plate. The upper surface of the balancing weight is movably connected with a fixing plate, and one end of the mounting rod is fixedly connected with a lifting lug. The marine geological sediment sampling structure has the main advantages that the marine geological sediment sampling structure is provided, the negative pressure sampling structure is provided, through the arrangement of a second spring and a conical gasket, when the gasket is abraded, the conical gasket mounting badge moves upwards under the action of the second spring. Thus, a good sealing effect can be kept in the device, so that the device can form relatively stable negative pressure, the loss of a sample in the ascending process is reduced, the accuracy of the sample is improved, and the sampling efficiency is improved.