The invention provides an up-converting phosphor (UCP) bio-detector and a method for detecting sampling test strips. The UCP bio-detector consists of an optical system, a photo-detector, a control system, a driving module, a stepping motor and a scanning platform for placing the test strips, wherein, the control system comprises a micro-processor, a photo-detector interface, a signal acquisition circuit, a driving module interface, an LCD (liquid crystal display) module, a matrix keyboard, an RFID (radio frequency identification) module, a D / A (digital to analog) converter, a memorizer, an SD (secure digital) memory card and a micro-printer; and each test strip consists of test paper mounted inside the casing of the test strip and an RFID card, the test paper comprises a sample pad, a detection band and a quality control band, and the RFID card contains the information including test paper ID, substances to be detected, decision values, a parameter A and a parameter B. The control system of the invention has the advantages of simple design and convenient debugging, and the biological immunological detection can be carried out rapidly and accurately.