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76 results about "Faraday rotation angle" patented technology
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By placing a rod of this material in a strong magnetic field, Faraday rotation angles of over 0.78 rad (45°) can be achieved. This allows the construction of Faraday rotators, which are the principal component of Faraday isolators, devices which transmit light in only one direction.
Integrated measurement device for atomic density and polarizability of alkali metal vapor
The invention discloses an integrated measurement device for atomic density and polarizability of alkali metal vapor. The device comprises a drive laser subsystem, a measuring and sensing unit subsystem and a detection unit subsystem, wherein the measuring and sensing unit subsystem has the function of providing a physical carrier and testing conditions for measurement of density and polarizability; the drive laser subsystem has the function of polarizing alkali metal atoms in an air chamber; and the detection unit subsystem has the functions of measuring a deflection angle of detection light under different testing conditions and calculating the deflection angle to obtain the atomic density and polarizability. According to the device, pumping light is generated to irradiate the air chamber by utilizing the drive laser subsystem, a fixed magnetic field is applied to generate a Faraday rotating angle in the measuring and sensing unit subsystem, the deflection angle of the detection light is measured by utilizing the detection unit subsystem, and finally the atomic density and polarizability are calculated through a data processor. The device has the characteristics of simple measurement system and high measurement accuracy and has important significance for improving the inertia of atoms and the magnetic field measurement sensitivity.
Owner:BEIHANG UNIV
Apparatus and methods for quad-polarized synthetic aperture radar
InactiveUS20180335518A1Accurate measurementLow costRadio wave reradiation/reflectionSynthetic aperture radarClassical mechanics
A quad-pol synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system reduces the effects of range ambiguities in a quad-pol SAR data. Pulses are transmitted in two sub-bands at respective ones of two different linear orientations. For each sub-band and orientation, returns are received in two orientations, and filtered to attenuate the other sub-band. A scattering matrix may be determined from the results. Additionally or alternatively, a Faraday rotation angle associated with acquired quad-pol SAR data is estimated, and used to correct a scattering matrix. Estimation may occur before, after, or both before and after acquisition of the quad-pol SAR data.
Owner:URTHECAST CORP
Optical apparatus
InactiveUS20050270635A1Reduce in quantitySmall sizeActive medium materialFibre transmissionUltrasound attenuationAudio power amplifier
An optical apparatus which is reduced in the number of optical devices arranged on a main optical signal transmission path, thereby reducing the size and cost of the device, and which is improved in optical transmission quality. An optical amplifier includes an amplification medium, which is doped with an active material for optical amplification and to which pump light is introduced, for amplifying an optical signal to be output. A reflection-type variable optical attenuator includes a reflecting mirror for reflecting an input light to generate a reflected light, and a magneto-optical crystal arranged in a position where the input and reflected lights pass. The magneto-optical crystal is applied with a magnetic field to induce a Faraday rotation angle therein and thereby vary an attenuation amount of the amplified optical signal, and part of light transmitted through the reflecting mirror is converted, as input monitor light, into an electrical signal.
Owner:FUJITSU LTD
Optical fiber current sensing device used for monitoring subway stray current
InactiveCN101446600ALight weightEasy to integrateCurrent/voltage measurementVoltage/current isolationFaraday effectOptical polarization
The invention discloses an optical fiber current sensing method used for monitoring subway stray current and a sensing device thereof. Light-transmitting parts and sensing parts in the optical fiber current sensing device adopted by the invention are connected by all-fiber. The measurement results of the existing subway stray current monitoring method which is based on polarization potential monitoring are affected by factors and evaluated in a non-directviewing way. The invention is based on faraday effect, utilizes polarization property of optical fiber and indirectly measures current by measuring faraday rotation angle in the optical fiber, thereby overcoming the disadvantages of the traditional stray current monitoring method. The method has the prominent advantages that system test sensitivity can be adjusted according to specific conditions so as to be suitable for measuring current with different ranges. In the invention, the all-fiber is used for transmitting, thereby ensuring simple light path and good insulating property; closed circuit integral of a magnetic filed generated by current is detected by the sensing device, so that the measurement results are difficult to be affected by a stray field; the measurement frequency band is wide, and the dynamic range is wide, therefore, the invention has good project application prospect.
Owner:CHINA UNIV OF MINING & TECH
Method for estimating Faraday rotation angle (FRA) in satellite borne complete polarization synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data
InactiveCN103197286ANot affected by phase imbalanceWave based measurement systemsSynthetic aperture radarDiagonal
The invention provides a method for estimating a Faraday rotation angle (FRA) in satellite borne complete polarization synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. The technical scheme comprises that the method comprises the steps of using measurement vector quantity of a satellite borne complete polarization SAR scattering matrix as input, (1) obtaining a polarimetric covariance matrix (PCM), obtaining the corresponding PCM of the measurement vector quantity according to the measurement vector quantity of the scattering matrix, (2) constructing a complex number for estimating the FRA, constructing the complex number relevant to the FRA through a real part of a non-diagonal element of the corresponding PCM of the measurement vector quantity and a diagonal element of the corresponding PCM of the measurement vector quantity, (3) estimating the FRA, and achieving the FRA estimation through the fact that the operations of angle taking and angle halving are carried on the complex number constructed in the step (2). The method for estimating the FRA of the satellite borne complete polarization SAR data is essentially free of influences of unbalanced system phases and steady in property.
Owner:NAT UNIV OF DEFENSE TECH
Faraday rotator and optical device comprising the same, and antireflection film and optical device comprising the same
The invention relates to an optical device for polarizing light by changing its Faraday rotation angle, such as optical attenuators, optical switches or polarization controllers; and its object is to provide such an optical device which can be driven even by small-sized and power-saving magnetic circuits and in which the insertion loss in the Faraday rotator may be reduced. The optical device comprises a Faraday rotator formed of a garnet single crystal, and a magnetic circuit applying an external magnetic field H that is smaller than the saturation magnetic field Hs of the Faraday rotator to the Faraday rotator.
Owner:TDK CORPARATION
Method for calibrating long-wavelength satellite-borne CTLR-mode compact-polarized SAR
InactiveCN102183743AEasy to handleHigh precisionRadio wave reradiation/reflectionTotal electron contentComputer science
The invention discloses a method for calibrating long-wavelength satellite-borne CTLR-mode compact-polarized SAR. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, acquiring an estimated value of an unbalanced error of a receiving channel; 2, acquiring an estimated value of a crosstalk coefficient of a circular-polarized transmitting channel; 3, acquiring an estimated value of a crosstalk coefficient of a linear-polarized receiving channel; 4, acquiring an estimated value of a Faraday rotation angle; and 5, acquiring an unambiguous estimated value of the Faraday rotation angle by using total electron content (TEC) data of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) to finish SAR calibration. By the method, the processing process is simple and the processing precision is high; and the application of the method in processing of the long-wavelength satellite-borne CTLR-mode compact-polarized SAR data represented by a P wave band is very important.
Owner:BEIHANG UNIV
Magneto-optical device
Owner:KOHOKU KOGYO CO LTD
Magneto-optical device
It is possible to reduce the size of a magneto-optical device, increase the speed of optical control, simplify power supply structure and its control, and maintain a Faraday rotation angle in an arbitrary state even after shut-off of the excitation current. The magneto-optical device includes a magnetic yoke (10) made of a high-permeability magnetic material, the magnetic yoke including a tabular portion (16) and four pillar portions (18) protruding from one side of the tabular portion (16), a coil (12) wound on each of the pillar portions, and a magneto-optical element (14) arranged in an open-magnetic-circuit region surrounded by the end portions of the four pillar portions. A magnetic field obtained by a coil is applied to the magneto-optical element.
Owner:KOHOKU KOGYO CO LTD
Magnetic garnet material and magnetooptical device using the same
InactiveUS6527973B2Deterioration of characteristicEnsure adequate isolationPolycrystalline material growthInorganic material magnetismWavelengthCondensed matter physics
Owner:TDK CORPARATION
Photoelectric differential detector with high common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR)
The invention discloses a photoelectric differential detector with high common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR). The device comprises two photoelectric diodes D21 and D22, a differential fine adjusting circuit 28 and a transimpedance amplifying circuit 29, wherein the two photoelectric diodes D21 and D22 are connected with each other in series to form a differential circuit; differential operation is carried out on two optical signals, so as to obtain a differential photocurrent; photocurrent responding speeds of the two photoelectric diodes D21 and D22 can be highly approximate or equal to each other through adjusting the differential fine adjusting circuit 28; and I-V amplification is carried out on the differential photocurrent by the transimpedance amplifying circuit 29, so as to obtain a differential voltage signal. According to the invention, the difference between the two photoelectric diodes D21 and D22 is skillfully adjusted by using the differential resistance fine adjusting circuit 28, so that the detector obtains advantages of high CMRR, high signal to noise ratio (SNR), low cost and so on; and the photoelectric differential detector with the high common-mode rejection ratio, disclosed by the invention, can be widely used for experiments, such as high-accuracy laser spectral measurement, high-accuracy semiconductor magneto-optic Kerr rotation angle measurement, high-accuracy semiconductor Faraday rotation angle measurement and so on.
Owner:SUN YAT SEN UNIV
Method for calibrating compact polarimetric SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) in long wave-length spaceborne pi/4 mode
InactiveCN102253374AEasy to handleRadio wave reradiation/reflectionSynthetic aperture radarTransmission channel
The invention discloses a method for calibrating a compact polarimetric SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) in a long wave-length spaceborne pi / 4 mode. The method comprises the following steps: 1, acquiring an estimation value of the degree of unbalancedness of a transmission channel; 2, acquiring an estimation value of a channel crosstalk coefficient of a vertical-launching horizontal-receiving component; 3, acquiring an estimation value of a Faraday rotation angle; 4, acquiring an estimation value of an unambiguous Faraday rotation angle by utilizing TEC (Total Electron Content) data provided bya global navigation satellite system; 5, acquiring an estimation value of the degree of unbalancedness of a receiving channel; and 6, acquiring an estimation value of a channel crosstalk coefficient of a horizontal-launching vertical-receiving component. By utilizing the method, accurate calibration still can be performed without scaler errors or system noise, and high-precision calibration can still be performed when the scaler errors and system noise exist. The method provided by the invention has important application value in processing the compact polarimetric SAR data in the long wave-length spaceborne pi / 4 mode represented by a P wave band.
Owner:BEIHANG UNIV
Magnetic garnet material and magnetooptical device using the same
InactiveUS20020014612A1High yieldDeterioration of characteristicPolycrystalline material growthInorganic material magnetismSingle crystalLength wave
The present invention relates to a magnetooptical device utilizing a magnetooptical effect provided by using a magnetic garnet material, and provides a magnetic garnet material which is less likely to crack during the growth and lapping of the single crystal film. It is an object of the invention to provide a magnetooptical device which defines a Faraday rotation angle theta expressed by 44 deg.<=theta<=46 deg. when light having a wavelength lambd (1570 nm<=lambd<=1620 nm) impinges thereupon, in order to permit the suppression of and which is less likely to crack during processing to allow any reduction of yield. A magnetic garnet material expressed by a general formula: BiaM13-aFe5-bM2bO12 is used. M1 is at least one kind of element that is selected from among Y, La, Eu, Gd, Ho, Yb, Lu and Pb; M2 is at least one kind of element that is selected from among Ga, Al, Ti, Ge, Si and Pt; and a and b satisfy 1.0<=a<=1.5 and 0<=b<=0.5, respectively.
Owner:TDK CORPARATION
All-fiber optical current transformer detection system
InactiveCN104635010AInhibit temperature driftEliminate the effects of power instabilityVoltage/current isolationData informationBirefringent fiber
The invention discloses an all-fiber optical current transformer detection system. The all-fiber optical current transformer detection system comprises a sensing optical fiber ring, a light path system, a circuit system and a merging unit; the sensing optical fiber ring is used for acquiring a current signal of a to-be-detected position and generating a light intensity signal carrying data information of a Faraday rotation angle; the light path system is used for transmitting the data information to the circuit system by virtue of the optical fiber; the circuit system is used for receiving data information transmitted by the light path system and converting the data information to a circuit digital signal; the merging unit is used for receiving the circuit digital signal generated by the circuit system and outputting an identification signal. The current transformer adopts a special optical fiber winding way, so that the temperature drift can be effectively inhibited, the influence of the birefringence phenomenon on detection precision of an ordinary optical fiber transformer can be overcome, the birefringence phenomenon is influenced by the temperature, so that the precision drift of the detection precision caused along with the temperature variation exists.
Owner:宁波永耀信息科技有限公司 +1
Image capturing apparatus and inspection apparatus and inspection method
ActiveUS20150285744A1Minimizes valueImage enhancementImage analysisBeam splitterPolarization beam splitter
An imaging capturing apparatus comprising, a light source, a polarizing beam splitter configured to illuminate a target with light from the light source, a sensor configured to capture an image of the inspection target by incidence of light reflected from the target through the polarizing beam splitter, and a Faraday rotator provided between the polarizing beam splitter and the target and disposed away from the polarizing beam splitter such that a Faraday rotation angle in the polarizing beam splitter is within a range of an angle equal to or larger than −0.5 degrees and an angle equal to or smaller than 0.5 degrees.
Owner:NUFLARE TECH INC
All-optical-fiber current transformer and current measuring method thereof
ActiveCN106324323AMeet energy consumptionMeet the accuracyCurrent/voltage measurementVoltage/current isolationFiberElectrical conductor
The invention provides an all-optical-fiber current transformer and a current measuring method thereof. The all-optical-fiber current transformer is mainly formed by three parts: a sensing unit, a signal processing unit, and a merging unit. The sensing unit employs the Faraday magneto-optic effect principle and used for inducing current of a measured conductor, and generating light intensity signals carrying data information of the Faraday rotation angle. The signal processing unit mainly completes input of optical singles of the sensing unit, analysis of the output optical signals, digitalization processing, and temperature compensation etc., and performs output according to a prescribed synchronous serial mode. The merging unit completes synchronization, switching or parallel logic of information of the signal processing unit, and transmits the information to an electrical measuring instrument and a relay protection device.
Owner:CHINA XD ELECTRIC CO LTD
Optical unit and projection type projector apparatus using the same
InactiveUS20050073652A1Low costProjectorsPicture reproducers using projection devicesBeam polarizationLight beam
By making the beam polarization state in a cross prism having a dichroic function for an incident beam on a reflection type liquid crystal panel the same as that for a reflected ON beam, a small-sized, low cost projection type projector apparatus is provided. A Faraday rotator having a Faraday rotation angle of 45 degrees is disposed on an optical path between a PBS and a cross prism. A half-wave plate having such a polarization axis as to rotate a polarization angle of linearly polarized light by 45 or 135 degrees is disposed on an optical immediately before or behind the Faraday rotator.
Owner:MAXELL HLDG LTD
Terbium vanadate-doped magneto-optical crystal, growth method and applications thereof
ActiveCN105133015AHas no decompositionNon-deliquescentPolycrystalline material growthBy pulling from meltRare-earth elementCongruent melting
Owner:TECHNICAL INST OF PHYSICS & CHEMISTRY - CHINESE ACAD OF SCI
Farady rotation device and optical device comprising it
InactiveUS6876480B2Improved in wavelength and temperature characteristicReduced in wavelength dependence and temperature-dependent lossNon-linear opticsFiberMagnetization
Optical devices including a Faraday rotation devices improved in wavelength and temperature characteristics and an optical attenuator reduced in wavelength dependence and temperature-dependent loss. The Faraday rotation device has permanent magnets magnetized in an axial direction of through-holes, and Faraday elements having a same Faraday rotation direction with respect to a same magnetization direction. The permanent magnets are directed in the same magnetization direction along an optical path, where part of the Faraday elements are accommodated in the through-hole of the permanent magnet, and the remaining Faraday elements are arranged between the magnets, whereby the Faraday elements are to be applied by magnetic fields in opposite directions. For a device variable in Faraday rotation angle, an electromagnet is provided. An input fiber collimator and polarizer are provided on an input side of with the Faraday elements while an analyzer and output fiber collimator are on an output side.
Owner:KOHOKU KOGYO CO LTD
Garnet type current sensing device and manufacturing method of garnet module
InactiveCN103197118AEasy for security monitoringGood parallelism in propagation directionCurrent/voltage measurementManufacture of electrical instrumentsPhysical opticsCurrent sensor
The invention discloses a garnet type current sensor and a manufacturing method of a garnet module. The sensor is formed by a light source, an input polarization maintaining optical fiber, an input optical collimator, a polarizer, the garnet module, an analyzer, an output optical collimator, an output polarization maintaining optical fiber and a detector in a connected mode. The garnet module is a core part of the sensor, and a bias film layer capable of solidifying an initial magnetization direction of a garnet material is coated on the garnet module. The garnet type current sensor uses the detector to directly detect changes of a Faraday rotation angle of incident light caused by current changes, and current parameters can be indirectly obtained. Garnet which is provided with high Verdet constant, high transmittance, low temperature coefficient and good mechanical and physical optic performance serves as a core sensing element, and the bias film layer is coated on the garnet to correct system light paths, so that sensitivity of the garnet type current sensor is substantially improved, and system errors are reduced.
Owner:UNIV OF SHANGHAI FOR SCI & TECH
Reflective variable light attenuator
InactiveUS7024073B2Smooth structureMinimal spacePolarising elementsCoupling light guidesBirefringent crystalOptical attenuator
A reflection-type variable optical attenuator comprises: a main attenuator unit including a first birefringent crystal plate, a Faraday rotational angle varying unit, and a second birefringent crystal plate arranged in this order; an input port and an output port that are arranged on a side of one end of the main attenuator unit; and a two-point reflection-type optical path varying reflector that is arranged on a side of the other end of the main attenuator unit. Light that comes in from the input port makes a round trip in the main attenuator unit and goes out through the output port.
Owner:FDK CORP
Optical amplifier using reflection-type variable optical attenuator for feedback
InactiveUS7209284B2Reduce in quantityReducing size and costPolarising elementsActive medium materialUltrasound attenuationAudio power amplifier
An optical apparatus which is reduced in the number of optical devices arranged on a main optical signal transmission path, thereby reducing the size and cost of the device, and which is improved in optical transmission quality. An optical amplifier includes an amplification medium, which is doped with an active material for optical amplification and to which pump light is introduced, for amplifying an optical signal to be output. A reflection-type variable optical attenuator includes a reflecting mirror for reflecting an input light to generate a reflected light, and a magneto-optical crystal arranged in a position where the input and reflected lights pass. The magneto-optical crystal is applied with a magnetic field to induce a Faraday rotation angle therein and thereby vary an attenuation amount of the amplified optical signal, and part of light transmitted through the reflecting mirror is converted, as input monitor light, into an electrical signal.
Owner:FUJITSU LTD
Single crystal, production process of same, optical isolator, and optical processor using same
ActiveUS20120200920A1Increase in sizeReduce transmittancePolycrystalline material growthOptical filtersLutetiumOptical isolator
The present invention provides a single crystal for an optical isolator having a Faraday rotation angle exceeding that of TGG single crystal in a wavelength region of 1064 nm or longer or in a wavelength region of shorter than 1064 nm, and is capable of realizing enlargement of crystal size, a production process thereof, an optical isolator, and an optical processor that uses the optical isolator. The single crystal according to the present invention is composed of a terbium aluminum garnet single crystal, and mainly a portion of the aluminum is replaced with lutetium.
Owner:THE FUJIKURA CABLE WORKS LTD +1
Lightning current measuring device and lightning current measuring method
ActiveUS20160041205A1High currentSmall currentElectrical testingVoltage/current isolationAudio power amplifierPhotoelectric conversion
A lightning current measuring device is provided with: a polarized light separation element which separates light output from a sensor fiber into horizontal and vertical components having orthogonal planes of polarization, a Faraday rotation angle calculation unit calculating a Faraday rotation angle through arc-sine processing of a digitized signal of the difference between the horizontal and vertical components converted to a signal through photoelectric conversion after separation by the polarized light separation element, amplifiers which amplify the horizontal and vertical components converted to a signal through photoelectric conversion after separation by the polarized light separation element, a Faraday rotation angle calculating unit which calculates a Faraday rotation angle based on a digitized signal of the difference between the amplified horizontal and vertical components, and current value conversion units converting current values based on the calculated Faraday rotation angles.
Owner:MITSUBISHI HEAVY IND LTD
Fully-polarized high-orbit SAR (synthetic aperture radar)-based ionized layer time-varying TEC (total electron content) measurement method
ActiveCN107561534AHigh measurement accuracyTime-varying TEC measurement implementationRadio wave reradiation/reflectionSynthetic aperture radarTotal electron content
The present invention discloses a fully-polarized high-orbit SAR (synthetic aperture radar)-based ionized layer time-varying TEC (total electron content) measurement method. The method includes the following steps of: step 1, azimuth synthetic aperture point number calculation; step 2, azimuth data zero filling; step 3, azimuth Fourier transformation; step 4, azimuth signal decompression to obtainequivalent azimuth echo spectrum signals; step 5, azimuth inverse Fourier transformation; step 6, Faraday rotation angle estimation; and step 7, time-varying TEC acquisition during synthetic aperturetime. By means of the above seven steps, fully-polarized high-orbit SAR signals are utilized to complete the precise measurement of the time-varying TEC during the synthetic aperture time. The methodof the invention has high time-varying TEC measurement accuracy. Since a Faraday rotation angle model and a TEC inversion model are adopted, the method has higher measurement accuracy compared with atraditional measurement method.
Owner:BEIHANG UNIV
Optical attenuator
An optical attenuator with increased dynamic range and reduced temperature-dependence over the dynamic range. The optical attenuator has a Faraday rotational angle variable device which applies an external magnetic field to light polarized by a garnet crystal, and a polarizer and an analyzer disposed at the front and rear of the optical axis of the device. There is an angle x formed between the plane of polarization of the light incident to the garnet crystal and the magnetic field orthogonal to the optical axis, where an angle y is formed between the polarizer and the analyzer, and the angle x is set to satisfy {(−z / 2)+90×n}−12<x<{(−z / 2)+90×n}+12 (n=0, 1, 2 or 3), where z=y±90; z is the angle of rotation of the plane of polarization caused by the Faraday rotational angle variable device.
Owner:KOHOKU KOGYO CO LTD
Optical unit and projection type projector apparatus using the same
InactiveUS6945651B2Low costProjectorsPicture reproducers using projection devicesBeam polarizationLight beam
Owner:MAXELL HLDG LTD
Optoisolator for use in fiber-optic communication
InactiveCN101872077AReduced Temperature Stability RequirementsMiniaturizationNon-linear opticsPolarizerHigh reflectivity
The invention relates to an optoisolator for use in fiber-optic communication, which is characterized in that: a positive polarization state control component, an insulator component and a negative polarization state control component are parallelly arranged along a light transmission direction in turn; the positive polarization state control component is comprised of a first linear polarizer and a first quarter wave plate, which are parallelly arranged along the light transmission direction in turn; the isolator component is comprised of a first high-reflectivity reflector, a Faraday rotator, a second high-reflectivity reflector and a permanent magnet, which are parallelly arranged along the light transmission direction in turn; and the negative polarization state control component is comprised of a second quarter wave plate and a second linear polarizer, which are parallelly arranged along the light transmission direction in turn. The optoisolator has the advantages that: the change in a Faraday rotation angle does not deteriorate the performance of the optoisolator seriously, so the requirements on the temperature stability of Faraday magneto-optic materials are lowered; a 40 to 65dB or above isolation degree requirement can be met by simply using single-stage isolation; and light beams do not displace transversely, the light path is short, and the miniaturization of elements can be realized.
Owner:NAN TONG HUAWEI POWER EQUIP CO LTD +1
Faraday rotation device and optical device using same
InactiveUS20050141075A1Improved in wavelength and temperature characteristicReduced in wavelength dependence and temperature-dependent lossNon-linear opticsFiberMagnetization
Owner:KOHOKU KOGYO CO LTD
SAR and ISR-based electron density prediction method, system and device
ActiveCN111693956AMake up for the lack of spatial resolutionLow costComplex mathematical operationsRadio wave reradiation/reflectionSynthetic aperture radarHigh spatial resolution
The invention provides an SAR and ISR-based electron density prediction method, system and device, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the SAR data and ISR data of an ionized layer in a target region, and calculating the total electron content distribution according to the SAR data; and predicting the three-dimensional electron density according to the calculated total electron content distribution and the electron density profile of the ISR data. According to the embodiment of the invention provides a method and equipment, the high spatial resolution of the synthetic aperture radardata is combined with the high-precision actually measured electron density profile of the incoherent scattering radar; the collected SAR data is used for estimating the Faraday rotation angle, then the total electron content is inversed, high-resolution three-dimensional electron density estimation is achieved in combination with the actually measured ISR electron density profile, and the high-precision three-dimensional electron density is rapidly obtained with low cost.
Owner:SHENZHEN UNIV
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