The invention discloses a composite aircraft
icing detector and an
icing detection method, and belongs to the technical field of
aviation detection. The composite aircraft
icing detector comprises a double-
electrode complex
impedance sensing mechanism, a multispectral
optical fiber sensing mechanism and a composite probe outer frame, wherein the double-
electrode complex
impedance sensing mechanism and the detection end surface of the multispectral
optical fiber sensing mechanism form a sensitive surface and are positioned on the inclined end surface; the double-
electrode complex
impedance sensing mechanism collects complex impedance
frequency characteristic data in a to-be-detected environment; the multispectral
optical fiber sensing mechanism collects
spectral response data in the to-be-detected environment, recognizes an ice layer and a water film on a sensitive surface in combination with complex impedance
frequency characteristic data, and meanwhile, monitors the dynamic process of water film freezing and ice layer melting in an ice-water
mixed phase state, so that icing detection is achieved. The problem that a single principle type sensor fails in a complex icing environment is effectively avoided, the reliability and accuracy of the aircraft icing
detector are greatly improved, and the aircraft icing detector has practical significance in guaranteeing efficient and reliable operation of an aircraft anti-icing and deicing
system.