The invention discloses a method for carrying out adaptive computing on importance weights of low-level features of an image, which is used for ensuring the visual integrity of a sensitive target in the process of image compression. In the invention, according to an image, the optimal compression parameters are adaptively computed, wherein the image comprises four low-level features such as color, gradient, brightness and center distance; in the process of computing the importance weight of color, an image to be processed is subjected to color histogram statistics, and a weight function is established for computing the weight of color according to frequencies; in the process of computing the importance weight of gradient, the image is divided into blocks, the gradient of pixels in each block is computed, then the orientation of the obtained gradient is subjected to histogram statistics, and an inter-block orientation change rule is computed so as to determine the importance weight of gradient; in the process of computing the importance weight of brightness, the image to be processed is divided into two parts, the brightness value of each part is computed, and the part with a larger value is taken as the main reference basis for weight computing; and in the process of computing the importance weight of position, a fixed value is assigned, and finally, corresponding weight parameters of each low-level feature are obtained.