The invention provides a fluorescent quantitative PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) detection kit for common mutation A1555G of mitochondrial deafness. The kit comprises quantitative PCR reaction solutions, a first positive control, a second positive control, a negative control, a description and a box body, wherein the quantitative PCR reaction solutions contain a PCR buffer solution, MgCl2, dNTPs, heat-resistant DNA polymerase, an upstream amplification primer, a downstream amplification primer, a first fluorescent probe and a second fluorescent probe. According to the kit provided by the invention, two MGB probes are designed for A>G mono-base mutation of a 1555th locus of mtDNA, and whether the locus is subjected to A>G mutation or not is determined through detecting 1555th nucleotide of a mitochondrion correlated to deafness by fluorescent quantitative PCR, so that the kit has the advantages of simplicity, convenience, rapidness, accuracy and the like, can be applied to the clinical diagnosis and control of deafness related to mitochondrial mutation A1555G and can also be used for providing a foundation for preventing and treating the mitochondrial deafness induced by the mutation A1555G.