The invention provides a portable fruit quality nondestructive testing device based on an LED combined light source, comprising a hardware unit and a software system, wherein the hardware unit comprises a lighting module, a spectrum acquisition module and a spectrum processing module; the software system comprises softwares with functions of reading, storing, displaying, parameter setting and forecasting for spectrum by spectrum acquisition and spectrum analysis; the lighting module comprises a handheld probe interface (1), optical fibres (2), a switch (7), a handheld probe (8), the LED combined light source, and a constant flow source; the spectrum acquisition module comprises an optical fibre spectrograph (29) and USB wires; and the spectrum processing module comprises a support (3), a host machine (4), a display screen (6), a mainboard, data wires, a data storage, power cords, a power supply and USB wires. The invention can be applied to on-site fast nondestructive testing for internal quality of the fruit, such as sugar degree, acidness and vitamin C.