A self-adaptive selection dynamic production scheduling control system, which is realized via a computer, is characterized in that: the system comprises a system emulator, a learning machine, a decision-making machine, a scheduling rules base, a scheduling knowledge base, a carrier, processing equipments and a buffer station thereof; the buffer station is provided with an optical grating, a sensor and a detection equipment; when a working piece reaches the buffer station and is processed, the learning machine detects the current system status for learning, so as to acquire dynamic scheduling knowledge about the system and update the knowledge in the scheduling knowledge base; when one processing equipment needs to be scheduled, the decision-making machine reads corresponding scheduling knowledge in the scheduling knowledge base according to the detected system status, acquires new scheduling knowledge through continuous interactive learning with the processing system, dynamically selects the scheduling rules based on the status of the processing equipments and the working piece in the system, and chooses the optimized scheduling rules to schedule the processing equipments. The invention can adapt to instable time-varying workshop dynamic production environments, obtain a better working-piece arrangement than prior rule-based scheduling technology, effectively reduce the process waiting time, and improve the fill rate of product delivery time.