The present invention provides improved
sustained release formulations of estradiol metabolites, including 2-hydroxyestradiol, 2-methoxyestradiol, 4-hydroxyestradiol and 4-methoxyestradiol, useful for therapeutic treatments. The invention also provides methods of producing sustained release forms of estradiol metabolites. The compositions of the present invention include microparticles, nanoparticles, patches, crystals, gels, rods, stints, pallets, discs, lozenges, wafers, capsules, films, microcapsules
nanocapsules, hydrogels, liposomes, implants and vaginal rings. Compositions also include formulations for transdermal and intravenous delivery of estradiol metabolites. The present invention provides numerous improvements over previous forms of estradiol metabolites, such advantages including the sustained release of normally short half-life compounds to maintain therapeutic blood levels.