The invention provides a Chinese medicinal composition for treating mental diseases, which is prepared from the following raw material drugs in proportion by weight: bezoar, amber, dandelion, pearl, pig bile, radix isatidis, forsythia fruit, borneol, honeysuckle, liquorice root, coptis root, abalone shell, radix trichosanthis, curcuma, rehmanniae, ochre, scutellaria, gypsum, uncaria stem, rhubarb, magnet, figwort, gardenia, radix puerariae and dwarf lilyturf root. Moreover, the invention also discloses a preparation method, application and a quality control method for the Chinese medicinal composition.