The present invention discloses an orlistat rapid detection method, a to-be-tested sample is extracted, treated with a washing solution, reacted with a hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution and a strong alkali solution for extraction, and then acidified for coloration, and whether orlistat is contained can be judged by color. The detection method is simple and low in cost for analysis, the to-be-tested sample is pretreated, and then reacted with a detection agent, so that the interference of relevant factors can be eliminated, observation of the color of the solution is facilitated, and whether the orlistat is contained in the sample can be judged more accurately. The detection method is strong in specificity, interfering substances can be eliminated by extraction, washing, extraction and separation, the sensitivity of the coloration reaction is increased, test result correct rate is high, the coloration reaction is rapid, the phenomenon is obviously, and the method is suitable for on-site rapid detection.