Disclosed is an optical coherence biological measurer. Parameters including corneal thicknesses, anterior chamber depths, lens thicknesses and visual axis lengths of eyes are obtained in once measurement by the aid of optical coherence measurement technology. The optical coherence biological measurer comprises a short coherence interferometry system detecting by the aid of balance, a retina splitimage focusing system, a visual axis aligning system with double fixation lamps, an optical length variable system, an eye positioning system and an auxiliary focusing system. The eye positioning system images the surface of a cornea and positions an eye, a system optical axis matches with an visual axis of the eye by the aid of the visual axis aligning system with the double fixation lamps, detecting light is respectively focused on a retina, a vitreous body and the cornea by an optical length and focus linkage device, simultaneously, optical length compensation of reference light is realized, the optical length variable system is used for realizing scanning measurement for return light signals of the retina, the vitreous body and the cornea, and the visual axis length, the vitreous bodythickness, the anterior chamber depth and the corneal thickness are calculated by the aid of output signals of a balance photoelectric detector.