The invention discloses a bidirectional authentication method of a near field communication technology. The system comprises a real identity (ID) and a temporary identity (IDS) of a label held by thelabel and a back-end database together, and shared keys K1 and K2 of a current session, in addition, the label also needs to store a timestamp Tt required by authentication, and the back-end databasestores last and latest IDS and shared keys K1 and K2. The bidirectional authentication method has the advantages that the bidirectional authentication method for near field communication safety canbe provided, the safety of the bidirectional authentication method is proved through simple bit and exclusive OR operation without hash and other function encryption operation and BAN logic, bidirectional authentication can be achieved, and label anonymity, data integrity and confidentiality and non-traceability are guaranteed. Common attacks including denial of service attacks, asynchronous attacks, replay attacks, algebraic attacks and the like can be resisted. Compared with the traditional scheme, the protocol not only solves the security and privacy problems, but also reduces the calculation and storage cost.