The invention provides a black phosphorus composition, a biological material containing the black phosphorus composition, a preparation method and application. The black phosphorus composition comprises the components, in percentages by weight, of 69.901% to 89.999% of a biocompatible material, 0.001% to 0.099% of black phosphorus and 10% to 30% of a bioadhesive substance. The biological materialcontaining the black phosphorus composition comprises a catheter, wherein the catheter is prepared from the black phosphorus composition; and a bioadhesive substance layer is arranged on the side wallof the catheter. The preparation method of the biological material comprises the steps of carrying out 3D printing, mold method or electrostatic spinning and the like on the black phosphorus composition to prepare the catheter, spraying a layer of bioadhesive substance inside the catheter by adopting 3D printing or electrostatic spinning, and carrying out crosslinking curing to obtain the biological material. The prepared catheter can promote regeneration, proliferation, differentiation and the like of nerves, muscles, bones, blood vessels and the like. In-vivo experiments show that the repair of animal peripheral nerve, muscle and the like, such as sciatic nerve and muscle, is superior to autologous nerve transplantation, and has practical and clinical application values.