The invention relates to the field of chemical industry manufacturing, and provides a method and device for rapidly judging the operation stability of a chemical industry production device. The method includes the steps of data acquisition, weight allocation, data collection, stable state criterion calculation, real-time data acquisition, data filtering, current stable state value calculation and stability judgment. The device comprises a weight allocation module, a data acquisition module, a data collection module, a data filtering module, a data calculation module and a judgment module. According to the method and device, weight allocation is performed, different variables are comprehensively considered, in a real-time database storage system, acquisition and storage of related data are achieved through a connector with the chemical industry production device, online high-pass filtering and low-pass filtering of key technology control points are achieved through the data filtering module, calculation of a stable state criterion value and a current stable state value is achieved through the data calculation module, and then whether a current operation state is a stable state or an unstable state is rapidly identified through the judgment module.