The invention discloses a high-efficiency filtering device for sewage treatment and relates to the technical field of sewage treatment equipment. The high-efficiency filtering device mainly solves theproblem that an existing filtering device needs to be shut down at regular intervals to clean sundries. The high-efficiency filtering device comprises a box body, a filtering barrel and a filtering screen, wherein a water feeding pipe is connected to one side of the top of the filtering barrel, a plurality of filtering screens are arranged in the filtering barrel, the plurality of filtering screens are annularly arranged on an installation shaft at equal intervals, a sundry discharging opening is arranged on one side, far from the water feeding pipe, of the top of the filtering barrel, and anaerating device is arranged in the box body; the aerating device comprises a hollow shaft, a motor, a first gear, a second gear, an inner gear ring and a stirring shaft. The high-efficiency filteringdevice disclosed by the invention is provided with the filtering barrel, the installation shaft, the filtering screens and the sundry discharging opening; with the centrifugal force action, sundrieson the filtering screens can be discharged from the sundry discharging opening, the sundries are prevented from accumulating more and more, and filtering holes of the filtering screens are prevented from being blocked; thus, the filtering efficiency is improved; the aerating device is arranged to perform aeration; meanwhile, sewage is stirred continuously, so that the sewage can fully contact air,and the aerating effect is improved.