The invention discloses a multifunctional combined transmission box of a high-speed rice transplanter, and belongs to agricultural machinery. The multifunctional combined transmission box is characterized in that a transplanting power output shaft, an external transmission power input shaft, a transplanting plant spacing adjusting shaft, a travelling reversing I shaft, a travelling reversing II shaft and a transplanter travelling power output shaft are rotationally assembled on a box body in parallel, an output shaft end face tooth-embedded single-linkage gear and an end face tooth-embedded clutch sleeve are assembled on the transplanting power output shaft, an input shaft duplex gear, an end face tooth-embedded type transplanting plant spacing duplex gear and an end face tooth-embedded single-linkage gear are arranged on the external transmission power input shaft, an adjusting shaft single-linkage gear A, an adjusting shaft single-linkage gear B, a reverse-gear duplex gear and a transplanting plant spacing adjusting duplex gear are assembled on the transplanting plant spacing adjusting shaft, and a I shaft single-linkage gear A, a I shaft single-linkage gear shaft B, a II shaft double-linkage gear and a travelling driving gear are correspondingly arranged on the travelling reversing I shaft, the travelling reversing II shaft and the transplanter travelling power output shaft.The multifunctional combined transmission box has the advantages of being complete in operational function, compact and reasonable in structure, simple, convenient and fast to operate, capable of being conveniently assembled on a transplanting tool and reliable in use.