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This invention relates to an AGV task allocation and path planning system and method, specifically a multi-AGV task collaborative time-series allocation and path planning system and method. It addresses the problems of inflexible deployment, high costs, and inability to accurately trigger tasks based on map point arrivals in complex time-series task collaboration among multiple AGVs due to reliance on a central server. The invention includes a scheduling decision module, a status management module, a task distribution module, and a path planning service module. The status management module continuously collects real-time status and location information of the AGVs. The task distribution module sends task instructions or scheduling instructions generated by the scheduling decision module to the corresponding target AGVs. Through establishing a map network and task flow timeline, path planning, status monitoring, task issuance and execution, and fault tolerance handling steps, automated operation of multiple AGVs is achieved.