The invention discloses an underwater suspension rail traffic system which comprises a first rope, a buoyancy tank, a rail, a shell, a first motor, a second motor, a gear, a rotary shaft, an electriccable and a second rope. The underwater suspension rail traffic system has the advantages that ground efficient railway transportation modes and water surface ship transportation modes are combined with one another, methods for designing long-span and large deep-water cable-stayed bridges and modes for fixing offshore platforms are used for reference, respective merits are exploited to the full, accordingly, water surface efficient traffic and transportation can be implemented, water traffic and transportation modes can be inevitably greatly transformed, the limitation of water areas on traffic can be broken through, energy-saving and speedy traffic and transportation can be implemented, and the underwater suspension rail traffic system has huge social and economic values; the underwater suspension rail traffic system is applicable to traffic and transportation on rivers, lakes and oceans.