A welding method for a steel structure in an environment of -15 DEG C to 35 DEG C includes steps: preparation before welding, welding, heat treatment after welding, weld testing and welding defect treatment, wherein preparation before welding includes selecting welding material, cleaning and preheating before welding, and determining welding parameters; implementing immediate heat treatment after welding for at least 1 hour with a postheat temperature of 180-230 DEG C; under the circumstance of power-off, immediately coating the weld surface with at least one layer of insulation rock wool, namely at least in thickness of 35 mm, to implement heat preservation and slow cooling after welding as an emergency measure; making sure that cooling speed is no larger than 10 DEG C per minute, namely, the time that the temperature of the welding material falls at 0 DEG C is no less than 20 minutes; and preserving the insulation rock wool until the next day. The method solves the technical problem of welding the steel structure in an environment of ultralow temperature, is energy-saving, environment-friendly, convenient in operation, easy in population and standardization, and work efficiency and quality of the welding are guaranteed.