The invention relates to the technical field of pistons, and discloses a piston circumferential surface machining fixing device utilizing the connecting rod motion principle. The piston circumferential surface machining fixing device utilizing the connecting rod motion principle comprises a base, a main shaft is movably connected in the inner part of the base, a clamp is fixedly connected on the outer portion of the main shaft, a guide rod is fixedly connected in the inner part of the clamp, a threaded rod is slidably connected on the outer portion of the guide rod, a clamping rod is hinged tothe outer portion of the threaded rod, a limiting sliding block is hinged to the outer portion of the clamping rod, a clamping jaw is hinged to the outer portion of the clamping rod, and a threaded block is in threaded connection with the outer portion of the threaded rod. According to the piston circumferential surface machining fixing device utilizing the connecting rod motion principle, the effect of clamping a piston is achieved through cooperative use of the guide rod, the threaded rod, the clamping rod, the limiting sliding block and the clamping jaw, due to the fact that the clamping jaw is movably connected with the clamp, pistons of different models and sizes can be clamped, the application range of the device is enlarged, preparation of special clamping pieces is reduced, the trouble of replacing the clamp is avoided, the device cost is further reduced, and the piston machining efficiency is improved.