61results about How to "High temperatures" patented technology

In conventional mesa-type npn bipolar transistors, the improvement of a current gain and the miniaturization of the transistor have been unachievable simultaneously as a result of a trade-off being present between lateral diffusion and recombination of the electrons which have been injected from an emitter layer into a base layer, and a high-density base contact region—emitter mesa distance. In contrast to the above, the present invention is provided as follows:

• • The gradient of acceptor density in the depth direction of a base layer is greater at the edge of an emitter layer than at the edge of a collector layer. Also, the distance between a first mesa structure including the emitter layer and the base layer, and a second mesa structure including the base layer and the collector layer, is controlled to range from 3 μm to 9 μm. In addition, in order for the above to be implemented with high controllability, the base layer is formed of a first p-type base layer having an acceptor of uniform density, and a second p-type base layer whose density is greater than the uniform acceptor density of the first base layer while having a gradient in the depth direction of the second base layer. These features produce the advantageous effect that it is possible to provide a high-temperature adaptable, power-switching bipolar transistor that ensures a current gain high enough for practical use and is suitable for miniaturization.

This invention relates to nondestructive control, more specifically, to the detection of cracks, flaws and other defects in oil and gas wells and cementing quality control.

A far infrared panel for humid and dry environments includes a frame, a thin layer, a grounding circuit board, a cloth layer and a second layer. The thin layer includes a carbon membrane and a printed circuit board. Two wires are used to connect the carbon membrane with a control device. The grounding circuit board includes a grounding layer, a circuit board and a wire. The wire is used to connect the grounding circuit board with the ground. The second layer which has a crisscross pattern and a plurality of fixing devices are used to fixedly hold the thin layer, grounding circuit board and cloth layer in the frame. Therefore, the far infrared panel of the present invention may be used to raise the temperature of a sauna room swiftly and evenly and then can make users to sweat heavily.

A system for measuring water and/or gaseous phase content of high temperature process gases includes a probe for gas sample extraction and cooling temperatures below those which probe filter or gas analyzer components degrade. A heated gas extraction tube provided within the probe interior operates to maintain the thermal stability of the cooled gas sample to preserve chemical integrity.

A sealing-enhancing coating for a gasket or a portion of a gasket includes flaky particles of chemically exfoliated vermiculite, at least 90% by weight of the particles having a thickness of no more than 30 microns, and no dimension greater than 1 mm. The particles form 10 to 90 wt. % of the coating. The coating also includes 50 to 10 wt. % of an organic polymer binder which when formed into a film 1 mm or less in thickness and heated to 300° C. in free air for 24 hours either does not decompose or decomposes leaving a residue of at least 20% by weight of film.

A technique to additively print onto a dissimilar material, especially ceramics and glasses (e.g., semiconductors, graphite, diamond, other metals) is disclosed herein. The technique enables manufacture of heat removal devices and other deposited structures, especially on heat sensitive substrates. It also enables novel composites through additive manufacturing. The process enables rapid bonding, orders-of-magnitude faster than conventional techniques.

A dual wall duct constructed of heat resistant polymer, a reinforcing cord interposed between the inner and outer tube and the outer tube heat shrunk on the inner to form an annulus for entrapment for thermally insulated gas such as air.

A tread (B) provided with a tread pattern formed of a plurality of elements in relief (1, 10) which are defined by grooves and/or incisions (2), this tread pattern comprising on each of its edges, that is to say axially furthest to the outside of the tread, an edge rib (1) of circumferential orientation defined axially to the inside by a groove (2) of the same general orientation and of depth H, this tread furthermore comprising, axially to the outside of each edge rib (1), a rib (3) offset relative to the outer contact surface (11) of the neighboring edge rib (1) by a distance d other than zero, this offset rib (3) being separated from the edge rib (1) by a groove (4) of a depth identical or close to the depth H of the groove (2) defining the edge rib (1), wherein the tread comprises, on either side where a sacrificed rib (3) is formed, a plurality of channels (5) opening on to the lateral faces of the tread, these channels (5) being extended in the tread until they open into the groove (4) between the offset rib (3) and the neighboring edge rib (1).

An exhaust gas purification system for purifying the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, especially an internal combustion engine featuring auto-ignition and/or direct fuel injection, is provided. The system includes at least one oxidation catalytic converter disposed in an exhaust gas duct of the internal combustion engine, at least one device for selective catalytic reduction of the exhaust gases which is installed downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter, and a feed device for feeding reducing agent into the exhaust gas stream upstream of, or in, the device for selective catalytic reduction. A switch-over device is provided for selectively feeding reducing agent into the exhaust gas stream upstream of, or inside, the at least one oxidation catalytic converter. A corresponding method for purifying the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine is also provided.

A method, system and use for heat exchange in super-critical or near-critical water gasification process of biomass. The method comprising steps of: heating a biomass in a first heat exchanger (6) by thermal energy of a heat transfer medium, reacting the biomass in said super-critical or near-critical water gasification process and producing reaction products, cooling the reaction products of the biomass in a second heat exchanger (12) by absorbing the thermal energy of the reaction products to said heat transfer medium, and circulating said heat transfer medium between the first heat exchanger (6) and the second heat exchanger (12), wherein molten salt is used as the heat transfer medium.

A high-temperature thermal storage device has a crucible, an induction heating device, a tubular duct in which a liquid and/or gaseous heat carrier flows, and an electrically conductive storage medium filled into the crucible that fills the crucible at least partially. The induction heating device, when electric energy is applied, heats the storage medium. The tubular duct passes at least partially through the storage medium. The storage medium is a molten metal and the thermal storage device has an operating temperature exceeding 700° C. The thermal storage device readily provides steam, be it saturated steam or superheated steam, fulfilling all parameters required for the operation of a conventional thermal power station.

A method of removing substantially all solvent from a solution containing a polyphenylene ether polymer resin with little by-product formation (less than 250 ppm) is provided. The method employs a wiped thin film evaporator with a cylindrical heating chamber operating under conditions that satisfy the relationships defined by Equations I and II.

5.3*10²⁴RLδ exp^(−24123/T)/m<C  I

100−(4960AP/Tm)<C  II;

Yields are maximized wherein values for feed rate (m) and percent solids (C) are selected to provide a maximum value for the output, Q, determined from the equation m*C=Q and the melt viscosity of the polyphenylene ether product is less than 50,000 centipoise at the operating temperature of the cylindrical heating chamber.

The invention relates to a plasma torch generator employed in a device or system that can be used to protect aircraft or vehicles from IR and UV seeking or tracking mechanisms. In one embodiment, the invention comprises a deployable broad spectrum, IR and UV emitting device containing the plasma torch, which can function as a countermeasure flare. The plasma torch can be used with a powered flare or housing that can be launched

A solar heat collector includes a housing defining an insulated chamber extending from a focusing lens at a solar receiving end to a target glass at a target end forming a boundary wall between the insulated chamber and a target chamber receiving a heat transfer fluid therein. A target object is supported in the target chamber at the focal point of the focusing lens so as to be surrounded by the heat transfer fluid. In a preferred embodiment a heat engine is supported on the target end of the housing such that the target object and heat transfer fluid are the heat source of the heat engine.

A fluid treatment method includes the steps of forming a ring lamination by laminating a plurality of filtering rings with contact surfaces facing each other in a laminating direction; providing at least portions of the filtering rings with a contact surface roughness (Ra) in a range of about 0.01 μm to 20 μm; pressing the ring lamination under a contact surface pressure (p) within a range from 0 to 177 kg/cm² in the laminating direction of the filtering rings to cause the contact surfaces to closely adhere to each other; directing an object fluid into gaps formed by contact surfaces of neighboring filtering rings of the ring lamination; and dividing the object fluid into a first separated fraction and a second separated fraction for separation. An apparatus for carrying out the method includes a ring lamination, a housing therefor, a ring press for acting on the ring lamination under a prescribed pressure, an object fluid source, and a pressure source for impressing a prescribed pressure on the object fluid.

A rotor blade system, for example, of a gas turbine is provided. The rotor blade system includes a plurality of rotor blades which are arranged annularly on a rotor disk. A plurality of sealing plates are arranged on a side surface of the rotor disk. An individual sealing plate is formed from a plurality of metal sheets, wherein two of the metal sheets are arranged opposite each other a distance apart and parallel to a plane of the sealing plate, forming a gap for guiding of cooling air.

Heating device having an electric heating body arranged within an accumulator block. The electric heating body includes an insulated flat resister. The accumulator block is structured and arranged to store calories. The heating device is adapted for use in a heating apparatus. This Abstract is not intended to define the invention disclosed in the specification, nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Nanoporous metal foams are prepared by ignition of high nitrogen transition metal complexes. The ammonium salts of iron(III) tris[bi(tetrazolato)-amine], cobalt(III) tris(bi(tetrazolato)amine), and high nitrogen compounds of copper and silver were prepared as loose powders, pressed into pellets and wafers, and ignited under an inert atmosphere to form nanoporous metal foam monoliths having very high surface area and very low density.

Compositions, and methods of making thereof, comprising from about 1% to about 5% of a perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomer or a hydrocarbon-based ionomer; and from about 95% to about 99% of a solvent, said solvent consisting essentially of a polyol; wherein said composition is substantially free of water and wherein said ionomer is uniformly dispersed in said solvent.

An electronic device includes a housing that accommodates therein at least one heating element. At least a part of an inner surface of the housing is applied with a heat conductive material. The electronic device may be incorporated in a communication apparatus.

A piezoelectric ceramic composition has as a chief ingredient a composite oxide that has Pb, Ti and Zr as constituent elements. It contains as a first accessory ingredient at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Cr, Fe and Ni in an amount of 0.2 mass % or less excluding 0 mass % in terms of an oxide. As the first accessory ingredient, at least one species selected from the ingredients represented by CuO_x, wherein x≧0, can be adopted. In this case, the content of the first accessory ingredient is 3.0 mass % or less excluding 0 mass %. The piezoelectric ceramic composition is fired under reducing and firing conditions. The reducing and firing conditions include a firing temperature in the range of 800° C. to 1200° C. and an oxygen partial pressure in the range of 1×10⁻¹⁰ to 1×10⁻⁶ atm., for example.

The present invention is directed to a method of heating a food, comprising the step of imparting microwave energy to a food wherein a portion of the microwave energy is converted to heat by use of a coating derived from an ink comprising natural polymer binder, substantially non-aggregated particulate nonmetallic microwave susceptor material, an aqueous solvent for the natural polymer binder, and, optionally, a chemical dispersing aid. The food is heated, and preferably browned, without the occurrence of electrical arcs that would burn the food or damage the oven.