The invention discloses a permanent magnet synchronous motor predicted current control method and system based on FOSMC; the method comprises the following steps of carrying out comparing on the rotorangular speed and a given rotating speed to obtain a rotating speed difference, and inputting the rotating speed difference into a fractional order sliding mode controller; next, enabling an equivalent current of a dq axis at the current moment to pass through a sliding mode disturbance observer to obtain a voltage compensation quantity and a current estimation value under the parameter change, and enabling the current estimation value and the reference current at the next moment to be input into a non-differential-beat current prediction controller; and finally, carrying out compensating onthe obtained voltage vector and the voltage compensation amount of the dq axis at the current moment, carrying out coordinate transformation, space vector modulation and inversion, and obtaining a three-phase voltage to the permanent magnet synchronous motor, so that the stable operation of the motor is ensured. According to the method and the system disclosed by the invention, fractional order calculus and sliding mode variable structure control are combined, the fractional order calculus has more freedom degree, and the shaking of the system in the sliding mode process can be weakened, so that the control precision of the rotating speed is improved.