The invention provides a jet flow self-priming system adjustable in opening degree. The jet flow self-priming system adjustable in opening degree comprises a lower air suction chamber, an upper air suction chamber, a first-stage injector, a first-stage graphene ring, a second-stage injector, a second-stage graphene ring, a third-stage injector, a third-stage graphene ring and a fourth-stage injector, wherein the first-stage injector, the first-stage graphene ring, the second-stage injector, the second-stage graphene ring, the third-stage injector, the third-stage graphene ring and the fourth-stage injector communicate in sequence; the bottom of the first-stage graphene ring, the bottom of the second-stage graphene ring and the bottom of the third-stage graphene ring are all provided with through holes which communicate with a cavity inside the upper air suction chamber; the upper air suction chamber is arranged above the lower air suction chamber, the top wall of the lower air suctionchamber is provided with a rear throat part, and a connection rod air blocking plug is arranged in the upper air suction chamber and used for adjusting the opening degree of an air blocking plug bodyand the throat part. According to the jet flow self-priming system adjustable in opening degree, all the injectors and the graphene rings adopt contraction and diffusion inner diameter combination, thus, the entrainment capacity for gas inside the system can be improved, meanwhile, the entrainment airflow emission amount is increased, and the system self-priming capacity is improved.