A caching and prefetching acceleration method and device for computing equipment based on big data, which is different from the traditional caching mode in which equipment is optimized, in that the method submits data to the cloud by a large number of caching or prefetching service devices, including these Part of the characteristic data of various applications or network operations on the service device served by the service device. The so-called characteristic data mainly refers to the characteristic data concerned by the cache and prefetch operations, such as the proportion of application read and write operations, I/O Request type, file size, frequency of use, cache optimization experience, hardware type of the cached device on the server side, user group characteristics, etc., the cloud will perform statistics and analysis after receiving the data, dig out optimized cache or prefetch solutions for different applications, and then By means of active feedback or passive response, the optimized caching scheme and prediction scheme are returned to the caching service device for processing, so that the work of the nature of prediction and targeted optimization can be directly performed without re-accumulating cache data for a long time.