The invention provides a genetic algorithm intelligent test paper composition method and device based on segmented real number coding and a readable storage medium, and the method comprises the steps:1, performing test question coding: mapping each set of test paper into an independent chromosome in a genetic algorithm, mapping test questions in the test paper into genes, wherein gene values needto be completed under the support of a coding mechanism; 2, generating an initial group, and adopting a random extraction mode to generate N sets of test papers, namely an initial population; and 3,calculating individual fitness, calculating fitness values of all individuals in the initial population obtained through initialization, and carrying out quality evaluation; 4, selecting operators, eliminating inferior individuals according to the fitness values, and reserving excellent individuals in the population; 5, generating a new operator, wherein the new operator is generated in a gene crossing and mutation mode; and 6, setting a termination condition, searching test questions matched with characteristic parameters in a test question bank according to a given constraint condition so asto extract the optimal test question combination, and selecting an individual with the highest fitness value as a final test paper.