The invention discloses a treatment device for cooling water circulation. The treatment device comprises a first water cooling circulation system and a stand-by second water cooling circulation system; the first water cooling circulation system comprises a gas-water separating unit, a main circulation pump, a three-way reversing valve, a heating filtering assembly, a plate-type heat exchanger, a heater and a main filter, wherein the main circulation pump communicates with the gas-water separating unit, and the three-way reversing valve, the heating filtering assembly, the plate-type heat exchanger, the heater and the main filter communicate with the main circulation pump; the three-way reversing valve, the heating filtering assembly and the plate-type heat exchanger communicate with one another, and circulating lines of a water cooling medium can be automatically switched by the heating filtering assembly; and the heater communicates with the heating filtering assembly, and the main filter communicates with the heater. The treatment device is small in size, not limited by space and provided with the stand-by cooling system, and the device does not need to stop during maintenance and can normally work; and gas in water can be separated, and the stable pressure of the whole system is guaranteed.