The invention discloses an image compression and entropy coder based on CABAC (Context-Based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding), and the coder is mainly used for solving the problems that the coding efficiency is not high, and data overflows when a code stream is rapidly packaged in the prior art. The image compression and entropy coder comprises an image control unit (1), a symbol generation module (2), symbol FIFO (First In, First Out) (3), a binary arithmetic coding module (4), a context memory (5), code stream FIFO (6) and a code stream packaging byte module (7), wherein the image control unit is used for controlling the resetting of each module and the generation of an enabling signal, the symbol generation module is used for reading data from the external and finishing binarization and context modeling, the symbol FIFO is used for storing a binary symbol and a context model, the context memory is used for storing context information, the binary arithmetic coding module is used for acquiring a middle code stream according to the binary symbol, the code stream FIFO is used for storing middle code stream data, and the code stream packaging byte module is used for generating a final code stream according to the middle code stream. The image compression and entropy coder has the advantages that the throughput is high, the circuit scale is small, a key path is short, a flow line is prevented from stagnating, and the data is avoided overflowing; and the image compression and entropy coder is used for realizing arithmetic entropy coding with high throughput.