A contactless rotary shaft
position sensor provides for precision computation of shaft angle for a wide range of input shaft rotational angles. The sensor includes two annular two-pole magnets which are connected by a precision, motion-transmitting
gear train. An optional second
gear train between one of the magnets and the input shaft can provide additional
angular rotation scaling to accurately measure either fractional or a large number of multiple turns of the input shaft. The gear ratios are selected such that one of the magnets does not rotate more than one revolution. Pairs of ratiometric Hall-effect or magnetoresistive sensors provide differential
voltage signals which are used for sensing angular position of each
magnet over a full 360 degrees of rotation. The single-turn
magnet provides an absolute, coarse indication of input shaft rotation with a typical accuracy of 2%. The
gear ratio between the magnets produces several turns of the second
magnet for each turn of the single-turn magnet. Since the
gear ratio between the magnets is fixed, the angle sensed for the multi-turn magnet can be predicted from the position of the single-turn magnet. This is compared to the multi-turn magnet's actual sensed rotation. The result is an improvement in accuracy directly proportional to the
gear ratio between the magnets. Computation of the individual magnet rotation angles and the input shaft angle is performed using a
microprocessor and appropriate
signal conditioning circuits. Utilizing two magnets, input shaft rotation can be accurately measured to within 0.1% of maximum range.