The invention relates to a rapid preparation method of a transparent mesoporous silica gel monolith, which belongs to the technical field of the inorganic porous material, in particular to a technical scheme of a simple, efficient, rapid and convenient preparation method of a large-sized, crack-free and optically transparent ordered mesoporous silica gel monolith. The preparation method is characterized in that the direction conversion of gel melting, condensation, aging and drying can be realized at a high temperature through adjusting a synthesis ratio without special protection means and complex operating procedures. Moreover, the method has the advantages of short synthesis period, simple operating steps and easy control. The material prepared in the method has an ordered two-dimensional and hexagonal-phase mesoporous structure, the pore size is 2.0-7.0nm, the pore volume is 0.5-0.8 cm3 / g, and the specific surface area is 500-1000m2 / g. Therefore, the material has extensive application value in research and development of optical, electrical and magnetic devices.