The invention discloses a high-temperature solid-phase synthesis method of a one-dimensional nano-sodion cell anode material NaxMnO2. The high-temperature solid-phase synthesis method comprises the following steps of 1, dissolving a sodium salt and a manganese salt in water according to a mole ratio of sodium to manganese of 0.44-0.56 to obtain a solution I, 2, dissolving citric acid in water to obtain a solution II, wherein a mole ratio of citric acid to the total metal ions is in a range 0.5-1, 3, dropwisely adding the solution I into the solution II and carrying out stirring for 10-60min, 4, carrying out heating evaporation on the mixed solution at a temperature of 60-90 DEG C to remove a solvent, heating the residues at a temperature of 120 DEG C for 6-24h, cooling the heated residues to a temperature of 10-30 DEG C, and grinding the cooled residues into powder, 5, heating the powder at a temperature of 350-500 DEG C for 3-10h, cooling the powder to a temperature of 10-30 DEG C, and grinding the cooled powder into fine powder, and 6, heating the fine powder at a temperature of 800-950 DEG C for 10-45h, and carrying out cooling to obtain the one-dimensional nano-sodion cell anode material NaxMnO2. The high-temperature solid-phase synthesis method has short synthesis time and a high yield in unit time. The one-dimensional nano-sodion cell anode material NaxMnO2 has uniform, dispersive, thin and long product morphology and good electrochemical properties (of a specific discharge capacity of 114mA.h/g at 0.1C charging-discharging multiplying power).