The invention discloses a preparation method of a functional nanoparticle doped polymer antibacterial fiber membrane for photodynamic and photothermodynamic collaborative treatment. The method comprises the following steps of S1, synthesis of upconversion nanoparticles; S2, synthesis of titanium dioxide loaded upconversion nanoparticles; S3, synthesis of titanium dioxide and graphene oxide loadedupconversion nanoparticles; and S4, preparation of the composite nanoparticle loaded polyvinylidene fluoride composite fiber membrane. The method has the advantages that a single NIR light source canbe used to realize the efficient sterilization effect of photodynamic and photothermodynamic collaboration at the same time, an action system is enabled to be simple, convenient and effective, and thecomposite membrane has good cell compatibility, can realize repeated sterilization, does not cause harm to organisms, does not cause the drug resistance of the organisms, and has the relatively obvious antibacterial activity for Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria.