The invention discloses a method for detecting
malachite green based on a
fluorescence resonance energy transfer principle, a
biosensor and a kit, and belongs to the technical field of
aquatic product quality safety detection. According to the method, near-
infrared light excited
lanthanide doped up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are used as an energy donor, and a
nucleic acid aptamer for specifically recognizing
malachite green is covalently linked to the surface of the UCNPs to form the nano probe. When the
malachite green does not exist in the sample, the
aptamer is in a flexible conformation, and the
fluorescence of the UCNPs is quenched due to the FRET effect. When
malachite green exists in a sample, the
aptamer is specifically combined with the
malachite green and is subjected to
conformational change, so that the spatial distance between the
nanoprobe and a
quenching agent is increased, the FRET process is blocked, and UCNPs
fluorescence is recovered. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of
malachite green can be realized by detecting the change of a fluorescence
signal. The method has the advantages of high sensitivity, strong specificity, simple operation and
rapid response, and is suitable for on-site
rapid detection of malachite green residues in aquatic products and aquatic water.