The invention discloses an infant failure root cause identification method based on domain mapping and a weighting association rule. The method comprises the steps of 1, establishing an association tree frame model of infant failures based on axiomatic domain mapping; 2, decomposing and mapping a function domain; 3, decomposing and mapping a design structure domain; 4, decomposing and mapping a process technology and finishing establishing a failure root cause association tree; 5, collecting failure symptom data; 6, mining node initial weights of failure association tree nodes; 7, evaluating failure association weights; and 8, measuring weight coefficients, thereby finishing identifying root causes. According to the method, the cause node weight coefficients are subjectively quantified by employing the weighting association rule; the potential root causes resulting in the product infant failures are sorted scientifically; the root cause identification qualitative and one-sided defects due to the fact that a traditional method is subject to infant failure mechanism understanding deficiency is made up; the intelligence and scientificity of the root cause identification process can be effectively improved; and the new thought is provided for preventing, controlling and improving the infant failures.