The invention discloses a satellite-borne ACARS signal receiving and processing method, which aims to provide a processing method which is high in detection probability, high in adaptability and low in information transmission bandwidth requirement. The satellite-borne ACARS signal receiving and processing method is realized by the following technical scheme: in satellite load equipment, an antenna receives an ACARS signal from the space radiation, and filters and amplifies the received signal through a receiving channel; an acquisition and processing module performs AD sampling on an analog signal outputted by the receiving channel; a Doppler positive hybrid frequency, a Doppler zero frequency and a Doppler negative hybrid frequency are formed in an FPGA in parallel, digital down-conversion, filtering preprocessing, demodulation and duplication removal, and checking and screening are performed on three ways of down-conversion signals, and a correlation detection algorithm is adopted for carrying out detection, secondary demodulation and differential removal processing on the ACARS signal; and finally, a final demodulation result is formed, and ACARS signal interpretation, signal duplication removal and type screening are performed on the demodulation result through a signal processor, and a screened interpretation result and a demodulation result are transmitted to the ground.