The invention relates to a steel structure welding deformation analytical method. The method comprises the steps of a, establishing a computer welded joint model, and enabling the joints with five standards of a flat V-type butt joint, a flat X-type butt joint, a T-joint V-type groove, a T-joint X-type groove and a fillet joint V-type groove to be simplified to be in two forms of a plate butt joint and a T-joint; b, collecting field data; c, carrying out analogue simulation on a finite element of computer thermal mechanical coupling; d, comparing data, and conducting comparison inspection to data obtained through experiments and three-dimensional model analytical data; and e, formulating welding process, and calculating welding residual deformation and stress of the joints by inputting welding parameters such as the welding method, the groove parameter, welding currents, welding voltages and welding speed. By means of the steel structure welding deformation analytical method, welding production processes are simple and direct, subsequent processing and trimming procedures are reduced, working time cost and fuel cost are lowered, production efficiency is improved, and the quality of the welding joints is also greatly improved.