The invention discloses a fireproof and buckling-restrained fabricated composite beam, and belongs to the field of house construction. The fireproof and buckling-restrained fabricated composite beam mainly comprises a prefabricated reinforced concrete slab, a wrapped concrete steel beam, a friction-type high-strength bolt connect set and a rubber sleeve; the prefabricated reinforced concrete slab and the wrapped concrete steel beam are connected into a whole through the friction-type high-strength bolt connect set and the rubber sleeve. According to the fireproof and buckling-restrained fabricated composite beam, through combination of the design philosophy of a recoverable structure, the prefabricated reinforced concrete slab, the wrapped concrete steel beam, the friction-type high-strength bolt connect set and the rubber sleeve are combined mutually, the bearing capacity of steel components is improved, the anti-corrosion and fireproof treatment cost of the steel components is saved, the suitable range of the composite beam is enlarged, fabricated construction of the composite beam is achieved, the time spent on in-situ reinforced assembling, concrete pouring and concrete maintenance is saved, the construction period is shortened to a large extent, the construction efficiency is improved, and the fireproof and buckling-restrained fabricated composite beam has wide application prospects in building structures with steel structures.