The invention discloses a power line path optimization method adopting a genetic algorithm, which performs optimization on a cable loop network path by adopting the genetic algorithm. The power line path optimization method comprises the steps of encoding n cable single-loop network cabinets and/or cable double-loop network cabinets, randomly generating a random permutation of n integers with the interval being [1, n], and forming a chromosome; selecting a fitness function used for judging the fitness of the chromosome for a target, wherein the fitness function is shown in the description; determining the population number N, the maximum algebra Gmax, the crossover probability pc and the mutation probability pm; and selecting an individual with a high fitness value by adopting a roulette mode to act as a male parent, wherein the roulette is selected according to the fitness of individuals, individuals with a high fitness value are selected, individuals with a small fitness value are removed, evaluation is performed on each chromosome in the new population, optimal individuals are stored, and an optimal solution is outputted. Compared with manual wiring, the power line path optimization method not only reduces the labor cost, but also improves the design efficiency. In addition, the power line path optimization algorithm is flexible and reliable, and saves the enterprise cost.