The invention discloses a distributed optical fiber vibration signal recognition algorithm based on two-dimensional matrix feature recognition, and the algorithm comprises the following steps: a light signal is acquired and is transformed as an original electrical signal, the original electrical signal is filtered, two-dimensional data generation is performed on the waveforms, image dilation is performed on the generated two-dimensional data through a morphological processing method, hole filling is performed on the two-dimensional data through the morphological processing method, an MATLAB software system is utilized to realize local area filling of an image, region segmentation is performed on the generated two-dimensional data through the morphological processing method, character representation and description are performed on a recognized region, the image skeleton is extracted, a Fourier descriptor of the image is extracted, and the recognition of the vibration signal is performed through the Fourier descriptor. According to the invention, the recognition effect is higher than before, the data is more accurate than before, and the reliability is high.