The invention relates to an ionic liquid system electrochemical process in-situ research device. According to the device, an in-situ photo-electrochemical tank is adopted as a core. Under the control and adjustment of a multifunctional automatic adjusting rack, devices such as a flow injection analyzer, an in-situ infrared spectrometer, a Raman spectrometer, a metallurgical microscope, a multi-channel electrochemical workstation, a quartz crystal microbalance, and the like can be applied in combination. Detection liquid is placed in the in-situ photo-electrochemical tank, and a reaction process is subjected to real-time monitoring by using a computer control system. With the device provided by the invention, on a basis of conventional electrochemical tests, morphology, structure, composition, concentration change characterizations upon electrode surface/interface sediment, electrolyte, decomposition products, gas product, and the like can be realized, and powerful support can be provided for ionic liquid electrochemical process researches. The device has the characteristics of compact structure, high operation automation degree, precise detection, reasonable design, and the like.