The invention discloses a distribution network production differentiation operation and maintenance strategy method based on situation awareness, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, collection of production data: collecting production real-time and non-real-time data, and carrying out the quality evaluation of the data; S2, equipment risk perception: establishing an equipment risk evaluation perception model, and carrying out equipment risk identification; S3, equipment risk assessment: performing risk assessment on the equipment according to the equipment perception health degree in combination with the influence of the equipment on the net rack; S4, establishing a risk coping strategy, and establishing a strategy level and a coping strategy according to a risk assessment result; and S5, operation and maintenance strategy execution: carrying out production operation and maintenance according to the risk coping strategy, and providing data and evaluation support for the steps S1-S4 through information backfilling. According to the invention, the equipment evaluation perception integrity and the result preparation can be ensured, the dynamic adjustment of production operation modes such as a situation perception model and a risk coping strategy is realized, the data evaluation is scientific and effective, the equipment failure rate is reduced, and the power supply reliability of a power grid is improved.