95 results about "Protocol overhead" patented technology

The present invention facilitates cluster formation within a communications network by utilizing network topology information to designate network nodes that are crucial for relaying traffic as cluster head nodes, while remaining network nodes are designated as member nodes. A beacon packet transmission rate of a network node or the interval between successive beacon packet transmissions by that node is adjusted by the present invention to facilitate cluster formation independent of network size and varying initial start times of network nodes. In addition, the present invention utilizes the above described cluster formation technique to form a three tier architecture for transmission or flooding of routing information from head node databases throughout the network. The cluster formation technique is applied to cluster head nodes to form an additional network tier of super nodes that distribute routing information, while cluster head nodes route network data traffic. The databases of cluster head nodes are examined subsequent to flooding of head node database information by super nodes, where data missing from a head node database is requested from a corresponding super node, thereby eliminating transmissions of acknowledgment messages.

A method of assessing a communication route comprising a plurality of links between nodes in a mobile ad-hoc network comprises calculating the two-hop residual bandwidth of each node I of the route as BI⁡(t)=B-∑J∈N⁡(I)⁢B⁡(J)ϕwhere B is the raw channel bandwidth, the summation is the overall consumed bandwidth from node I's two-hop neighborhood nodes, JεN(I) and φ is a factor to account for protocol overhead, which may include handshaking, packet collision, re-transmission and / or back-off scheme traffic. An estimated transmission time for each of a plurality of links between said nodes may be calculated taking said two-hop residual bandwidth into account. For each possible route, a route efficiency function is determined at least by summing the estimated transmission times for all the links in the route, and the route in which the value of the route efficiency function is smallest is selected.

A network interface of a UMTS radio network controller encapsulates incoming AAL2 / AAL5 packetized data such that it can be used on an Ethernet based IP network. A hardware unit is used to calculate additional information for the protocol overhead, including calculating length and error checking values. A partial header information is stored and used for each encapsulated packet of a session. In a preferred embodiment, the incoming packets are buffered in a linked data buffer including a linked list with pointers to the partial header information for the session as well as pointers to the incoming packets.

A wireless communication module to provide security at a baseband layer is disclosed. A payload of plaintext may be divided into partitions. The module may use a block cipher such as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm to process a unique initiation vector (IV) for each partition so that each partition may be XORed with a key stream based on a respective IV, the result providing ciphertext. The IV may include a nonce, an upper level packet counter, a packet counter and a block counter. The state of the counters may be incremented in a predetermined pattern so as to provide a unique IV for use with each partition. The ciphertext may be transmitted in a packet with a security bit indicating that the payload is encrypted but omitting the nonce. Encrypted packets may include an integrity check value (ICV) to provide for integrity of the encrypted message.

The present invention provides a routing management method of a wireless mesh network: a routing information of all MESH nodes websites subordinate in the wireless mesh network is maintained; a unicast routing request message transmitted by a source MESH node is received; a routing response message is transmitted by the source MESH node, the response message comprises a routing information arriving the destination website subordinate of a destination MESH node, with the aim that the source MESH node source website subordinate transmits messages to the destination MESH node destination website subordinate. The present invention establishes the routing between the MESH nodes in advance in network, the routing information of the STA is not needed to be maintained by a RA-OLSR, but is realized through the unicast routing request message of an HWMP, the complexity of a RA-OLSR is decreased, the broadcasting flooding process of the HWMP routing request is avoided, and the network protocol overhead is lightened.

A method, apparatus, and computer program product are provided for routing data packets through a wireless sensor network to a mobile sink in a relatively quick and efficient manner while utilizing low protocol overhead. Additionally, a method, apparatus, and computer program product are provided such that a sensor node within a wireless sensor network maintains sink information and routing information to facilitate efficient delivery of a data packet to a mobile sink within a wireless sensor network.

The method includes following steps: through adding sub-layer functional unit in local route between network layer and data link layer, the route figured out by network layer is optimized; the route contains multi high speed short link divided up from a low speed long distance link; these short links build up new route to transmit data and support multi speed transmission; meanwhile the sub-layer of local route also needs to renew the internal link state table and neighboring node state table in order to provide message parameter for next optimization of route.

The invention relates to the field of communication, wherein the embodiment of the invention discloses a test method of multi-layer protocol stack network equipment based on OPNET. The method comprises the following steps: a peripheral interface circuit of a network test equipment hardware edition; software interface design of a network test hardware; a protocol extension test method; a multi-layer protocol stack conversion method, data stream encapsulation and binary bit mapping process; and hardware protocol test with segmentation function; and a test method of Web application type based ona struct frame and interface design. The method provides the peripheral test interface with commercial mature OPNET network simulation software, communicates a hardware interface plate with real network equipment, tests protocol overhead and protocol work flow, etc. By using the OPNET simulation software, the method realizes the test requirement of the network and the hardware, analyzes various critical issues currently existed in the multi-layer protocol stack and gives a complete solving method, and improves the reliability for testing the hardware equipment by means of network simulation. The method can solve the problems of the simplification of the test network hardware equipment and the lack of the simulation performance of the real network, and gives the interface design method withhigher expansibility and commonality.

An improved interconnection protocol that is well suited for use in an inspection system or similar modular electronic system. Communication is provided over a network where the electronic modules are nodes, including a root node and multiple remote nodes. The root node and remote nodes are connected through multiple point-to-point synchronous links. The root node and remote nodes are configured to send and receive packets in either a short form or a normal form. Timing between the root node and remote nodes is provided by an external clock distributed by the root node. Each remote node responds to commands with low latency. This protocol allows normal packets to be configured to provide variable payload length, with a maximum payload size that yields a low protocol overhead.

The invention discloses a routing method adapting to make-and-break connection data transmission of a spatial network link. By using the routing method disclosed by the invention, the convergence rate can be significantly improved, and the overhead of a routing protocol can be significantly reduced. The routing method is implemented through the following technical scheme: each routing node receives routing node three-dimensional location information through a measurement and control link, a predicted link state matrix is acquired, link state information and a predicted routing table of the routing node at each link variation moment are calculated, and the calculated link state information is stored into a link state information database; a sub-group to be sent acquires a link variation moment and a break-make condition through the predicted routing table, a routing node to-be-sent sub-group stores the link state information into a link state information database through switching each routing node variation and variation moment, and the link state information is written into a predicted route calculation matrix; when an OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) reaches a full state, each routing node calculates an actual routing table again according to the updated link state information database so as to replace the predicted routing table.

The invention relates to a heterogeneous network technology of industrial real-time application, in particular to a time synchronization method oriented to a hierarchical heterogeneous network. A three-layer heterogeneous network consisting of an Internet backbone network, a wireless mesh backhaul network and a field Ethernet sub-network is constructed on the basis of hierarchical thought. An One_step time synchronization mechanism is adopted on the basis of the time synchronization principle of IEEE1588 and a hardware timestamp concept, so that a quarter of synchronization information packet transmission in a network is reduced; the network load is reduced; a hardware timestamp of a wireless network is introduced; and the time synchronization accuracy is increased. A boundary clock positioned on an interface between the wireless mesh backhaul network and a local Ethernet sub-network is designed on the basis of the abovementioned content in order to coordinate the time synchronization between the wireless mesh backhaul network and the local Ethernet sub-network, so that the problem of low time synchronization accuracy of the heterogeneous network due to different network protocols, synchronization information exchange and port inconsistency is solved. At last, whole-network time synchronization is realized by adopting a hierarchical synchronization mechanism. On the basis of existing IEEE1588 and IEEE802.11 protocols, extra protocol overhead is not introduced.

An improved interconnection protocol that is well suited for use in an inspection system or similar modular electronic system. Communication is provided over a network where the electronic modules are nodes, including a root node and multiple remote nodes. The root node and remote nodes are connected through multiple point-to-point synchronous links. The root node and remote nodes are configured to send and receive packets in either a short form or a normal form. Timing between the root node and remote nodes is provided by an external clock distributed by the root node. Each remote node responds to commands with low latency. This protocol allows normal packets to be configured to provide variable payload length, with a maximum payload size that yields a low protocol overhead.

The invention relates to an avionics any source multicast (ASM) protocol controller. Based on an optical-fiber channel, a pure hardware circuit is adopted to realize the ASM communication protocol processing function, and the dedicated ASM protocol controller is developed. The functions of message storage management, sending scheduling, protocol encapsulation, protocol decapsulation and the like are realized. The invention has low communication cost: the ASM protocol controller encapsulates and decapsulates the ASM protocol using hardware, and the cost of a host system protocol is saved; the invention adopts a priority scheduling strategy: a protocol processor schedules communications according to the scheduling strategy of urgency, period and event message, and the transmission service quality requirements of different avionics messages are satisfied; and the invention has high-speed communication bandwidth: the ASM controller can complete the protocol processing of data within a time interval between two messages, and the transmission requirement of communications to reaching a line rate can be satisfied.

The invention relates to the field of industrial wireless network technology, in particular to an industrial wireless network frequency-domain polling method based on an OFDM technology. The method includes that AP distributes a polling group ID and a subcarrier ID for new nodes added in the network; the AP sends a polling request pocket and utilizes OFDM subcarrier in the frequency field to response after the nodes receive the polling request pocket; the AP distributes TDMA time slots to the nodes required to transmit data according to response situation of each polled node; the nodes transmit data in corresponding time slots after receives the TDMA time slot distributed results. The method is provided on the premise of considering industrial wireless network application features fully, can reduce network protocol overhead and increases bandwidth utilization and effective network throughput, and accordingly improves real time and scale of the network.

A file-level data sharing and storing system based on a fiber channel belongs to the technical field of computer information storage and solves the problems that in the existing file-level data sharing system, the spending of a protocol is larger, and the transmission speed of data is lower. The system comprises a server-side computer, a server optical fiber adapter, a plurality of client-side computers, a plurality of client optical fiber adapters and an optical fiber switchboard, wherein the server-side computer is loaded with a server data transmission module and a server data sharing module; and each client-side computer is loaded with a client data transmission module and a client data sharing module. The file-level data sharing and storing system reduces the spending of the protocol, realizes the sharing of file-level data, and is applicable to small-scale and simple network topology, the sharing of the file-level data and environments with higher requirement on the data transmission speed.

The invention discloses a neighbor discovery and link status detecting method applicable to broadcast link. The method comprises the step of performing protocol interaction through a multicast message; the protocol message includes neighbor advertisement, node information query, node information query response, neighbor list query and neighbor list query response; the detailed information of a neighbor can be learnt through the protocol, and various wired, wireless, point-to-point and broadcast links can be met; the protocol is small in cost and fast to respond. The method has the beneficial effects that the neighbor discovery and link status detecting of various links applies; the cost of link is small; the learnt neighbor MAC address is able to support unnumbered address communication of an Ethernet interface; the learnt neighbor information brings routing protocol transformation, topological description of network management devices and other application and use; the problem that the true on and off and one- and two-way status of the links interconnected through a link device, of switching nodes cannot be detected can be solved.

A long distance paging method and network interface card for virtual share storage system, which contains mapping the memory area in network interface card to virtual address space of user process, source node user process directly accessing network interface card, generating and sending long distance paging request message to network interface card of destination node which directly accessing the needed page and feeding back response message to source node network interface card which directly writing said page to memory area of source node, said network interface card is added with frame head analysis logic, RDMA operation logic and virtual / real address conversion, said invention can realize long distance paging operation without breaking off the current work of CPU by bidirection operation of user process and network interface card.

Port multiplexing apparatus and methods are disclosed. Time slots in a time division multiplexing (TDM) scheme are allocated to transfer signals such as Ethernet or Fiber Channel packets associated with ports of a signal processing device. Signals associated with multiple ports are transferred between those ports and another signal processing device over a single logical link in accordance with the time slot allocation. An indication of the time slot allocation may also be transferred on the link, illustratively by replacing protocol overhead traffic to be transmitted on the link with allocation information. At a receiver, the replaced protocol overhead traffic may be substituted back into a received multiplexed signal. A port multiplexing apparatus may be controllable to operate in a multiplexing mode or in a non-multiplexing mode. Aspects of the invention may also be embodied in other forms, such as in a data structure stored on a machine-readable medium.

The disclosed master-standby method and system comprise: when the state of real VRRP case on master state, as one or more VRRP cases in the case state, sending its fixed MAC address to the attaching device; on the latter, finding out the out-port to transmit information between user side and NPE. This invention can support VRID number more than 255, and saves system resource.

The invention discloses a gradient-based wireless sensor network (WSN) topology maintenance method, and relates to a WSN. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: path cost is obtained by a reverse path cost calculation method so as to establish gradient; and each node periodically maintains links of a father node and a standby father node based on the gradient. In the case of packet forwarding, one node delivers a packet into the node with the minimum path cost in feasible next-hop. In the invention, the links are maintained by a gradient reduction method according to data aggregation characteristics of the WSN, which can well adapt to the WSN with strong link dynamic property, control protocol overhead and keep high routing performance.

The invention belongs to the technical field of coaxial broadband access, and discloses an HINOC protocol-based HIMAC frame splitting system and method. The method comprises the steps: employing two state machines to recover and extract an Ethernet frame from an HIMAC frame; storing the extracted EIF information into an EIF information RAM; when the HB receives front and back HIMAC frames from twodifferent HMs, storing the head fragment information of the front HIMAC frame; when the HIMAC frames from the same HM are received again, reading the previous header fragment information for updatingor splicing. According to the invention, a plurality of Ethernet frames can be packaged and encapsulated into one HIMAC frame through framing, so the transmission efficiency of the MAC layer of the HINOC network is improved, and the protocol overhead is reduced. Meanwhile, according to the HIMAC frame format and the packaging rule, framing and frame splitting of the HIMAC frame are achieved in hardware, and the method has the advantages of being high in speed and efficiency.

A wireless communication module to provide security at a baseband layer is disclosed. A payload of plaintext may be divided into partitions. The module may use a block cipher such as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm to process a unique initiation vector (IV) for each partition so that each partition may be XORed with a key stream based on a respective IV, the result providing ciphertext. The IV may include a nonce, an upper level packet counter, a packet counter and a block counter. The state of the counters may be incremented in a predetermined pattern so as to provide a unique IV for use with each partition. The ciphertext may be transmitted in a packet with a security bit indicating that the payload is encrypted but omitting the nonce. Encrypted packets may include an integrity check value (ICV) to provide for integrity of the encrypted message.

The invention discloses a spatial network enhanced OSPF routing method based on a determined link state. A routing protocol divides a spatial network state into determined link state change and undetermined link state change; the routing protocol produces a new link state notification when the determined link state change occurs, but the link state notification cannot be flooded to the network, and only a link state database and the current state of a neighbor state machine related to the link state change are updated; the original mechanism of the routing protocol is used for managing for theundetermined link state change. The spatial network enhanced OSPF routing method based on the determined link state disclosed by the invention is the low-overhead and high-performance routing protocol applied to the spatial network, the protocol overhead that the ground internet OSPF protocol is applied to the spatial network can be obviously reduced, and the routing convergence rate is accelerated.

The invention relates to a method for discovering and selecting a path of a mobile Ad-Hoc network and belongs to the technical field of network communication. The method for discovering and selecting the path of the mobile Ad-Hoc network, provided by the invention, maximally supports two-hop, can dynamically detect the change in network topology, can rapidly and accurately discover the path based on the topologically updated path discovery algorithm, and proposes a smallest load first (SLF) path selection algorithm as the optimum path selection criterion to reduce the algorithm complexity and thus to reduce the protocol overhead. The method is within the range of table-driven routing protocols, has a lower transmission delay, and is particularly suitable for small-scale temporary mobile communication networks.

The invention provides a time slot structure determination method for wireless networking communication. The method comprises design methods of a synchronization word pulse packet, a time information TOD pulse packet and a data pulse packet in a time slot structure and is applicable to time-division multiple-access wireless networking communication adaptive to frequency hopping between multiple nodes. By means of the method, frequency hopping frequency sets are updated in real time, protocol overhead is substantially reduced, and coding gain is effectively increased, so high-bit-rate, anti-interference and robust multi-node networking communication is achieved.

The invention provides a dynamic multi-path routing algorithm based on interference activity estimation. The algorithm mainly comprises the following steps: a node determines an interference activity (IA) value according to identification of an interfered state, and introduces the node interference activity value into a multi-path routing protocol; by utilizing the IA value combined with a multi-path discovery mechanism, route discovery from a source node to a target node is completed, and route selection and maintenance of interference avoidance are realized based on the interference activity value. The invention can provide a route with a minimal relative interfered degree for a node with a complex wireless network environment, quantity of searched paths is more than AOMDV and loop and 'cut-off' problems are not existed, protocol cost is low, an original multi-path route protocol is improved, and the algorithm in the invention can be adapted to a more complex wireless network environment.

The invention discloses an energy-based multi-path routing method for a wireless network, and relates to a wireless network. A method for discovering a path comprises the following steps that: a source node initiates the routing process in a flooding routing request (RREQ) signaling mode; an intermediate node sets forward delay time according to a quality status of a link receiving an RREQ signaling and residual energy information of the intermediate node; in the delay process, if a better path is received, path information and the delay time are updated; each intermediate node only forwards the RREQ signaling once; and a destination node obtains a plurality of energy-saving paths according to the received RREQ message. By the routing method disclosed by the invention, a plurality of energy efficient paths can be discovered according to the path discovering process based on requirement, so that the node energy efficiency is improved, the path discovering frequency is reduced, the protocol overhead is reduced, and the network service life is prolonged; and the routing method is easy to implement on the conventional wireless node platform.

A method for operating a network and a network architecture implementing the method are described. The method, in one embodiment, begins by grouping a plurality of nodes into zones, where the network includes the plurality of nodes. At least one of the nodes in each one of the zones is one of a plurality of boundary nodes, and each of the boundary nodes in each one of the zones is coupled to a boundary node in another of the zones by one of a first number of inter-zone optical links. One of the zones includes a number of nodes, each of which is coupled to at least one other of the nodes by one of a second number of intra-zone optical links. Next, a non-boundary node is configured to transmit network information to other of the nodes. The non-boundary node is a node in the zone that is not a boundary node. Finally, a boundary node in the zone is configured to limit transmission of the network information through itself to other of the boundary nodes. The network information so limited can be restoration information (in the event of a failure), network topology information, and / or other network information.

The present invention is a method and apparatus to aggregate or bundle packets to optimize the resource utilization and improve the transport efficiency of packets which are transferred between various protocol layers in a communications network. One embodiment of the invention sets forth a method of aggregating packets of a first size to packets of a second size for transmission in a wireless communications network between, for example, a base station controller and base transmitting station. The method includes the steps of calculating a maximum bundling factor represented by (an IP packet MTU size at a first location minus protocol overhead) divided by an application layer packet size and determining a most efficient bundling factor in terms of packet fragments, where the most efficient bundling factor is determined by a largest packet per fragment ratio. If the number of packets to be bundled is less than or equal to the maximum bundling factor then all packets are bundled together for a next step in the transmission. If the number of packets to be bundled is greater than the maximum bundling factor, then packets are bundled according to the most efficient bundling factor for the next step in the transmission. If there are multiple bundling factors having a same bundling efficiency, a larger of the multiple bundling factors having the same bundling efficiency is selected as the most efficient bundling factor.

The invention discloses an adaptive multi-rate medium and low speed voice optimization method based on a VoLTE bearer, and mainly solves the problems in the prior art that the protocol overhead ratioof the low speed voice frames is high and the wireless resource utilization rate is low. The implementation steps are that 1) an adaptive multi-rate AMR coder generates 20ms low speed voice frames under the low rate coding mode; 2) the low speed voice frames are combined so that a composite voice frame is generated; 3) the composite voice frame is packaged into an IP data packet; 4) header compression is performed on the IP data packet by using a robust header compression ROHC method; 5) a semi-static scheduling period equal to the length of the composite voice frame is configured; and 6) thewireless resource is allocated to the user and semi-static scheduling is activated and then the user uses the resource to receive or transmit the data every semi-static scheduling period. The protocoloverhead ratio can be reduced, the wireless resource utilization rate can be enhanced, the VoLTE user capacity can be increased and the method can be used for the satellite communication system or the low speed voice communication system.