The invention discloses a Chinese Simmental cattle FGF-1 gene as genetic markers of carcass meat quality. According to the method, the Chinese Simmental cattle genome DNA or a DNA sequence comprising the Chinese Simmental cattle FGF-1 gene is taken as a template, the functional region segment of the Chinese Simmental cattle FGF-1 gene is amplified by use of PCR primer pairs P1, P2 and P3, enzyme digestion and electrophoretic analysis are performed on restriction enzymes Xsp-I, Hae-III and Rsa-I by virtue of sequencing screening, and then the SNPs at the 8528th site, the 13970th site and the 72251th site of the second introns of the Chinese Simmental cattle FGF-1 gene can be determined (A is greater than T, A is greater than T and A is greater than C). The T allel gene and the TT genotype of the SNP1 site, the C allel gene and the CC genotype of the SNP2 site and the T allel gene and the TT genotype of the SNP3 site in the SNPs obtained by screening can be taken as effective molecular genetic markers for remarkably improving the carcass composition and meat quality traits of the Chinese Simmental cattle, and then can be used for selective molecular breeding under the assistance of early marking of the carcass composition and meat quality traits of the beef cattle.