125 results about "Total energy expenditure" patented technology

Method and calculations determine an individual's, or several individuals' simultaneous rates of oxygen consumption, maximum rates of oxygen consumption, heart rates, calorie expenditures, and METS (multiples of metabolic resting rate) in order to determine the amounts of work that is performed by the individual's body. A heart monitor measures the heart rate, and an accelerometer measures the acceleration of the body along one or more axes. An altimeter measures change in altitude, a glucose monitor measures glucose in tissue and blood, and thermometers, thermistors, or thermocouples measure body temperature. Data including body fat and blood pressure measurements are stored locally and transferred to a processor for calculation of the rate of physiological energy expenditure. Certain cardiovascular parameters are mathematically determined. Comparison of each axis response to the individual's moment can be used to identify the type of activity performed and the information may be used to accurately calculate total energy expenditure for each physical activity. Energy expenditure may be calculated by assigning a separate proportionality coefficient to each axis and tabulating the resulting filtered dynamic acceleration over time, or by comparison with previously predetermined expenditures for each activity type. A comparison of total energy expenditure from the current activity is compared with expenditure from a previous activity, or with a baseline expenditure rate to assess the level of current expenditure. A measure of the individual's cardio-vascular health may be obtained by monitoring the heart's responses to various types of activity and to total energy expended.

Methods and systems for performing three dimensional LIDAR measurements with varying illumination field density are described herein. A LIDAR device includes a plurality of pulse illumination sources and corresponding detectors. The current pulses supplied to the pulse illumination sources are varied to reduce total energy consumption and heat generated by the LIDAR system. In some embodiments, the number of active pulse illumination sources is varied based on the orientation of the LIDAR device, the distance between the LIDAR device and an object detected by the LIDAR device, an indication of an operating temperature of the LIDAR device, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the number of active pulse illumination sources is varied based on the presence of an object detected by the LIDAR device or another imaging system.

Methods and systems for performing three dimensional LIDAR measurements with different illumination intensity patterns are described herein. Repetitive sequences of measurement pulses each having different illumination intensity patterns are emitted from a LIDAR system. One or more pulses of each repetitive sequence have a different illumination intensity than another pulse within the sequence. The illumination intensity patterns are varied to reduce total energy consumption and heat generated by the LIDAR system. In some examples, the illumination intensity pattern is varied based on the orientation of the LIDAR device. In some examples, the illumination intensity pattern is varied based on the distance between a detected object and the LIDAR device. In some examples, the illumination intensity pattern is varied based on the presence of an object detected by the LIDAR device or another imaging system.

Apparatus, systems, methods, and related computer program products for carrying out a demand response (DR) event via an intelligent, network-connected thermostat associated with a structure. The systems disclosed include an energy management system in operation with an intelligent, network-connected thermostat located at a structure. The thermostat is operable to control an HVAC system. Control during a DR event period may be performed based on an optimal control trajectory of the HVAC system, where the control trajectory is optimal in that it minimizes a cost function comprising a combination of a first factor representative of a total energy consumption during the DR event period, a second factor representative of a metric of occupant discomfort, and a third factor representative of deviations of a rate of energy consumption over the DR event period.

The invention discloses a routing method for the wireless sensor network with efficient energy, which is suitable for the layered sensor network structure. The routing method is composed of initialization, cluster building, adjacent clusters routing and routing maintenance, wherein, an initialization process of the protocol makes a Sink node obtain a topology and network average energy of the sensor network, and each node obtains hop counts from the node to the Sink node; in the stage of the cluster building, a repeated division method is used to divide sensor network clusters, the divided clusters are even, and a leader cluster node is undertaken by nodes with higher residual energy; the adjacent clusters routing uses an ant colony algorithm to determine the probability of using a link to send information according to the link pheromone concentration, and the link pheromone concentration is increased with the information transmission on the link and is reduced with the time going; and the routing maintenance stage is responsible for updating link pheromone concentration, and makes the nodes inside the cluster with higher residual energy undertake the leader cluster in turn. The routing method can reduce the consumption of the network total energy, can balance the consumption of the node energy and can prolong the network life cycle.

A method of price forecasting in an electrical energy supply network and/or load (energy demand) forecasting of a given consumer of electrical energy, in the context of an electrical energy supply network that is adapted to supply electrical energy to a number consumers connected to the network. The method includes developing a multi-regime, regime switching stochastic model for determining day ahead/spot market energy prices using at least one historical profile and subjective opinion from at least one expert; and the multiple regimes correspond to a number of combinations of physical factors. A regime is identifiable by at least three factors. The method thus facilitates identifying the optimal mix of energy hedge and exposure to day ahead/spot market prices for deriving economic benefits in overall energy expenditure.

Disclosed is an apparatus and method for energy management of electric devices, which individually displays various pieces of energy related information, such as consumption time, power consumption amount, current electricity rate and future electricity rate, in an apparatus provided to each electric device and controls the presence of operation of an individual electric device so as to make more effective use of limited energy resources in commercialized smart grid and smart meter technologies in which the energy price is changed depending on time. To this end, the operating state of each of the electric devices is estimated based on a variation in total energy consumption amount detected by a meter.

A system for measuring energy consumption comprises a plurality of devices (DEi) of which at least a subset comprises a communication unit (CUi) for supplying operating status information (OSi) indicating an actual operating status with respect to an actual energy consumption of the associated one of the plurality of devices (DEi). A meter (EM) measures a total energy consumption (TEC) of the plurality of devices (DEi). A controller (CO) calculates an individual energy consumption (IEC) of a particular one of the plurality of devices (DEi) from a change of the total energy consumption (TEC) occurring at a change of the operating status of the particular one of the plurality of devices (DEi).

A power recovery system is used for reducing the total energy consumption in a process such as an industrial treating process or a fluid refining process including the delivery of a fluid under a high pressure. The power recovery system includes a high-pressure pump for pressuring raw water, a reverse osmosis membrane cartridge for treating high-pressure water discharged from the high-pressure pump with a reverse osmosis membrane to produce treated water, a positive-displacement piston pump for pressuring raw water under the pressure of concentrated water which is discharged from the reverse osmosis membrane cartridge without being treated by the reverse osmosis membrane, and a power recovery pump turbine for boosting the pressurized raw water discharged from the positive-displacement piston pump and adding the boosted water to the high-pressure water discharged from the high-pressure pump. The power recovery pump turbine is actuated by pressurized water generated in the power recovery system.

A household energy management system, which comprises a common controller connected with a controller for controlling grid power, a controller for controlling an in-house electric power generation device, a controller for controlling an electric storage device, a controller for controlling an electric storage device for traveling object, controllers for controlling household electric loads, and manage the energy consumption and supply by controlling the respective controllers, so that the overall energy consumption and supply in the house can be managed centrally, and the respective machines can be controlled with a single controller centrally.

Disclosed in the invention is an ant colony algorithm-based high-energy efficiency wireless sensor network routing method. The method comprises three parts: cluster establishment, transmission in cluster, and transmission between clusters. When a multi-hop relay node is selected, a heuristic ant colony intelligent algorithm is employed to search a multi-hop transmission route; and during the searching process, an expectation importance influence is eliminated and a probability for node selection is completely decided by the link pheromone concentration. And when a local link pheromone is updated, a dump energy minimum value of a collaboration zone node is multiplied by link pheromone increasing degree Q and then the result is divided by transmission energy consumption, thereby completing updating. According to the new pheromone updating method, the dump energy and the transmission energy consumption of the node are scaled appropriately and then are introduced to the link pheromone updating; and when the dump energy of the collaboration zone node at the next hop is increased and the transmission energy consumption is reduced, the node can be selected. Therefore, when the routing method is used, total energy consumption of the network can be reduced; the dump energy of the network nodes can be balanced; and the working life of the network can be prolonged.

The present invention relates to a method for data packet transmissions between a source node and a destination node in a network, the method comprising: —the nodes being configured with an initial sleeping time period duration SP_init and an initial wake-up time period duration LP_init, —the source node sending a preamble, segmented in micro-preambles, for indicating the beginning of a transmission, the micro-preambles being separated by listening slots, —the destination node sending, upon receipt of at least one of the micro-preamble, a packet indicating its presence, called “Ready-To-Receive”, or RTR, packet, and—the source node sending, in response to the RTR packet, a data packet intended for the destination node, wherein the step of sending a preamble comprises: —the source node determining, based on SP_init and on LP_init, an optimal size of the micro-preambles that minimizes the overall energy consumption in the network for sending and receiving packets related to this preamble transmission.

The present invention relates to a method in a border node of an Autonomous System (AS) and a border node comprising a border route control unit. The border node is configured to route data packets from a source node in an originating Autonomous System to a destination node in a terminating Autonomous System, possibly via intermediate autonomous systems. The method includes determining one inter autonomous system path or multiple inter AS paths constituting a route or multiple routes, respectively, between the originating autonomous system and terminating autonomous system based on at least an energy consumption metrics of transit paths through an own autonomous system and other autonomous systems and a total energy consumption metric for each possible inter autonomous system path. The border node is adapted to store the route or the multiple routes in a border gateway routing table.

A method selects source and channel codec parameters according to varying channel conditions and signal to noise ratio for a given distortion constraint. The processes of source and channel encoding and decoding with the selected parameter values and transmit power level per quality layer minimize a total energy consumption for delivery of multimedia content from a transmitting terminal to a receiving terminal. The total energy consumption is defined as the energy consumed while processing and transmitting the multimedia. Coding parameters, such as channel code rates, error resilience redundancy, unequal error protection level, and transmit power level can vary from layer to layer.

A co-operative mechanism in which a service processor and a host CPU (with an OS running thereupon) work together to implement both power capping and utilization-based power savings, and with negligible side effects. Preferably, a 2-level modulation scheme is employed to undertake both power capping and energy savings simultaneously. Preferably, a frequency governor in the OS running on a host processor saves power by modulating p-states based on a shared table, thus avoiding SMIs. The range of the p-states in the shared table is adjusted to implement power capping in conjunction with power sensors in the system. This adjustment can be done either by a service processor, which can monitor total energy consumption, or an OS or software running on the host processor, which can read energy consumption from the service processor and adjust the shared table.

A method for evaluating performance of a sensor network. The method includes selecting, a sensor distribution pattern for a geographical region and determining a location for a base station. A plurality of sensor clusters are generated, each sensor cluster being formed by one of a first and second grouping mechanism. Further, the method allocates, for each sensor a time-slot within a time-frame to transmit a data packet from the sensor to the base station, and evaluates the performance of the first grouping mechanism and the second grouping mechanism for the selected sensor distribution pattern and base station location, by computing at least a ratio of delivered data packets to the base station to a total energy consumption, and a first delay and a second delay incurred by each data packet.

The invention relates to a resource-saving method for preparing an isoolefine and conjugated diene copolymer. The method comprises the steps as follows: an isoolefine monomer and a conjugated diene monomer, a solvent, a catalyzer and an accessory ingredient are put in an extrusion reactor, an unloading extruder and a postprocessing extruder system which are connected in three stages in series for continuous solution polymerization, termination, wash, devolatilization and post processing. The process units involved in the method are advanced; the process flow is short; the resource-saving method is very controllable; the resource-saving method significantly saves resources and investment compared with the traditional art; the total energy consumed is reduced by more than 50 percent; the product quality is stable; the production cycle is short; the environment is not polluted.

The invention discloses a route optimizing method and device of a communication unmanned aerial vehicle, and relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicle communication. The method includes the steps of obtaining a user group and geographic positions thereof, dividing the user group into K multicast groups, determining K initial hovering positions corresponding to the K multicast groups one to one, determining the shortest initial flight route of the K initial hovering positions, and optimizing the initial hovering positions of the unmanned aerial vehicle one by one to obtain the Kfinal hovering positions corresponding to the K multicast groups and the final flight route. In the method, by dividing the user group into a plurality of multicast groups, finding a proper hoveringposition in each multicast group so that the unmanned aerial vehicle can transmit files at a high transmission rate at the position and designing the flight trajectory of the unmanned aerial vehicle to find the shortest route passing through all the hovering positions and returning to the initial position, multicast service transmission tasks are completed by the unmanned aerial vehicle with the minimum total energy consumption.

An efficiency autonomous driving strategy which accounts for the propulsion system efficiency and energy consumption during vehicle motion planning function required for autonomous driving. Specifically, a control algorithm calculates the required energy and total efficiency for various possible vehicle path/motion plans being considered by the autonomous driving (AD) controller. Given at least one or more desired vehicle motion plans, the propulsion system selects the vehicle motion path with the highest efficiency and least energy consumption. The control algorithm accounts for the current vehicle motion (speed/acceleration, etc.), and future vehicle motion requirements for a given vehicle path plan. The control algorithm calculates the total vehicle energy required (current time up to future time) for the proposed vehicle motion plans, then recommends the most efficient vehicle motion plan to the AD controller such that total energy consumption is reduced.

The provided data inquiry method in sensor network comprises: determining the energy message for every sensor node in the network, and selecting the node with the maximal residual energy as the cluster center, as well as the sensor node for non-cluster center; the non-cluster center sensor sends self-collected data to corresponding cluster center, and enters sleeping state; the cluster node receives inquiry request and obtains the objective data for report. This invention reduces total energy consumption and improves service time of the sensor network.

Aspects of the invention provide apparatuses, methods, and systems that support measuring and conveying energy consumption by an electrical device. An apparatus includes an energy sensor that measures an incremental energy value consumed by an electrical device. Apparatus obtains the incremental energy value, accumulates an energy usage measurement in accordance with the incremental energy value, provides requested information about energy consumption of the electrical device in response to a request from a network controller, and adjusts the energy usage measurement in accordance with the requested information. The total energy consumption may be partitioned into at least one energy component, in which the at least one energy component corresponds to the energy consumption of the electrical device during an associated time interval. A network controller may use the energy consumption information to determine a new set temperature for a thermostat unit that instructs the device control logic.

Apparatus, systems, methods, and related computer program products for carrying out a demand response (DR) event via an intelligent, network-connected thermostat associated with a structure. The systems disclosed include an energy management system in operation with an intelligent, network-connected thermostat located at a structure. The thermostat is operable to control an HVAC system. Control during a DR event period may be performed based on an optimal control trajectory of the HVAC system, where the control trajectory is optimal in that it minimizes a cost function comprising a combination of a first factor representative of a total energy consumption during the DR event period, a second factor representative of a metric of occupant discomfort, and a third factor representative of deviations of a rate of energy consumption over the DR event period.

The invention relates to a measurement and evaluation method of energy consumption in an electrical drive having a control unit and an AC motor and an arrangement for realizing the method. The method has the following steps. Data of the state of the AC motor, such as power and frequency, is read at measurement points and saved. The energy consumption of the electrical drive is calculated in predetermined measurement intervals. The energy consumption of the virtual AC motor fed by constant-frequency input current is calculated and the energy consumption of an alternative control arrangement is defined in said measurement interval and they are added together. The energy consumption of the electrical drive is compared with the added total energy consumption of the virtual AC motor and the alternative control arrangement in order to evaluate the energy savings achieved by the electrical drive in the measurement time period in question.