The invention relates to the technical field of internal combustion locomotives, in particular to an air duct model clamping tool for an internal combustion locomotive ventilation experiment. The air duct model clamping tool comprises a base, a middle beam, front supports and rear supports. The middle beam is installed at the top of the base, the front supports and the rear supports are connected to the two sides of the base respectively, a cross beam of the base is of a groove-shaped rail structure, guide rails are arranged on end beams, a supporting plate is embedded into the middle beam, clamping rods and positioning bolts are arranged on the front supports, pressing arms and lead screws are arranged on the rear supports, and clamping rods are arranged on the pressing arms. The base, the middle beam, the front supports and the rear supports are designed and combined into an adjustable rack tool capable of clamping complex box type air duct models of various sizes. In the using process, the air duct model clamping tool can be supported and adjusted through vertical supports. Then, the pressing arms press air duct models. All the portions can be flexibly adjusted, one device can meet the clamping requirements of air duct models of various shapes, use is easy and convenient, adaptability is greatly improved, and the experiment period is shortened.