The invention discloses an improved sub-harmonic mixer based on a coplanar waveguide transmission line. The improved sub-harmonic mixer is characterized in that a dielectric substrate is arranged on the inner bottom surface of a main air chamber; a coupling probe, the coplanar waveguide transmission line, a local oscillator matching line and a micro-strip line structure are arranged on the dielectric substrate; the coplanar waveguide transmission line comprises a matching line, a first horizontal transmission line and a local oscillator low-pass filter matching line which are connected in sequence from left to right; the micro-strip line structure comprises a second horizontal transmission line, a third horizontal transmission line, a fourth horizontal transmission line and an intermediate-frequency low-pass filter matching line which are connected in sequence from left to right; the coplanar waveguide transmission line further comprises two grounding lines respectively positioned on the two sides of the matching line; the two grounding lines are connected with the inner wall of the main chamber. The improved sub-harmonic mixer further comprises planar Schottky anti-parallel mixer diodes, wherein an ohmic contact layer of one of the mixer diodes is connected with the front surface, far away from the dielectric substrate, of the matching line, and an ohmic contact layer of the other mixer diode is connected with the front surface, far away from the dielectric substrate, of the grounding line.