The invention belongs to the field of online detection and discloses a high-precision worm gear machining machine tool with an online detection mechanism and a measurement control system of the high-precision worm gear machining machine tool. The high-precision worm gear machining machine tool comprises a large vertical column and a workbench, and a slide plate is arranged on the large vertical column arranged on a machine tool body. The online detection mechanism is formed by a driving device and a measurement device, the driving device comprises a slide seat, a fixed seat and a travel switch, the slide seat is arranged on a mounting seat which is fixed to the bottom of the slide plate, the measurement device is mounted on the slide seat, and a piston is arranged on the fixed seat. The slide seat is further provided with a storage cavity, a switch starter, a rear oil port and a front oil port, the storage cavity matched with the piston, the switch starter matches with the travel switch, and the rear oil port and the front oil port are communicated, on two sides of the piston, with the storage cavity. The high-precision worm gear machining machine tool has advantages that by the driving device, the measurement device is clamped on the slide plate, small-stroke feeding of the measurement device is realized so as to realize detection of pitch errors and pitch accumulative overallerrors of worm gears machined by the machine tool, repeat positioning precision of the measurement device is improved, and accordingly measurement precision is improved.