The invention discloses a double-layer license plate character recognition method based on deep learning, and relates to the technical field of license plate recognition. The double-layer license plate character recognition method comprises the following steps of constructing a deep neural network model, wherein the deep neural network model comprises a character positioning network, a character synthesis network, a character recognition network, a character positioning network, a character synthesis network and a character recognition network which are sequentially connected with each other,obtaining a double-layer license plate training sample image set, training a deep neural network model, and recognizing a to-be-recognized double-layer license plate image through the trained deep neural network model. According to the present invention, the deep neural network model is smaller in memory consumption, smaller in calculation amount, more accurate in license plate character recognition result and higher in robustness, and the defects that a traditional license plate character recognition effect is poor and the robustness is low are overcome.