The invention discloses a technology for floatation of lead and zinc sulfide ores through inflatable floatation columns. The floatation columns are fully utilized, and the method includes the steps of ore grinding, mixing of ore pulp and flotation reagents, rougher flotation operation, concentration operation, scavenging operation and the like. The method is based on the flotation column three-phase flow mechanics theory, through process mineralogy research and technological process research of low-grade, complex and refractory lead and zinc sulfide ores of mines and research and improvement on an inflatable flotation column device, the flotation columns are successfully applied to the flotation technology of low-grade, complex and refractory lead and zinc sulfide ores, and the technological process that the floatation columns are adopted in all the flotation operations of rougher flotation, concentration and scavenging of lead and zinc sulfide ores is achieved. The technology has the advantages that the automation degree is high, labor intensity of workers is low, ore flotation efficiency is high, the technological process is simple, production indexes are stable, maintenance is convenient, building investment and production cost are low, consumption of the reagents is saved by about 10%, electricity consumption is saved by about 20 %, and water consumption is saved by about 20 %.